The Fundamentals of Shotgun Shell Construction
Shotgun Shell Components
Before we focus specifically on high brass shotgun shells, it’s helpful to understand the general anatomy of a shotgun shell. These shells are complex little packages, each component playing a vital role in the firing process.
The primary component is the shell casing, the body that houses all the other elements. Historically, these were made from paper but today, the shell casing is generally made from a sturdy plastic, like polyethylene. Inside, you’ll find the primer, a small but essential element that ignites the gunpowder.
Next comes the propellant, more commonly known as gunpowder. This is what fuels the explosion, generating the pressure necessary to propel the shot down the barrel. Located between the propellant and the shot are the wad. The wad serves multiple purposes. Firstly, it acts as a seal, preventing gas from escaping around the shot column. Secondly, it protects the shot as it travels down the barrel, reducing deformation.
And finally, at the very front of the shell, you’ll find the shot. This is the payload – the collection of pellets that are propelled towards your target. Shot comes in various sizes, from small birdshot to larger buckshot, each designed for different applications.
Crafting High Brass Shells: A Closer Look
Defining High Brass
So, what exactly makes a shotgun shell a “high brass” shell? The key lies in the metallic base of the shell casing. This base, the brass head, is the most visible distinguishing feature. In high brass shells, this brass head is notably taller or longer than in its low brass counterparts. This increased height provides several significant advantages, especially in certain types of shooting.
Historically, high brass shells were the standard. Early shotgun shell designs relied heavily on the robust construction of the brass head for strength and extraction reliability. The taller brass base reinforced the shell, ensuring it could withstand the pressures generated during firing, especially in older or less finely-made shotguns.
Understanding the features of high brass shells is crucial to determining their use cases and benefits.
Benefits of a Taller Brass Base
High brass shells boast a more substantial brass base, offering several advantages:
Durability and Strength
The most immediate benefit is enhanced durability. The taller brass head provides additional reinforcement to the shell casing. This extra strength is particularly useful for high-pressure loads or in older shotguns where the chamber may not be perfectly smooth. The high brass design ensures the shell can withstand the forces of firing without splitting or deforming, guaranteeing reliable performance.
Extraction Reliability
The high brass head also plays a vital role in the extraction process. When a shotgun shell is fired, the expanding gases generated by the propellant can cause the shell to expand within the chamber of the shotgun. The extractor, a small metal claw within the gun’s action, is responsible for pulling the spent shell from the chamber for ejection. High brass shells often have a more defined rim, which offers a more secure grip for the extractor. This secure grip makes extraction more reliable, preventing jams and ensuring that the action cycles smoothly. This is particularly important in situations where quick follow-up shots are necessary.
A Comparison of High Brass and Low Brass Shells
To fully understand the significance of high brass shells, it is essential to compare them directly to low brass shells. The differences might seem subtle at first glance, but they have significant implications for performance and intended use.
The most obvious difference is in the height of the brass head. High brass shells have a taller metal base, while low brass shells have a shorter one. This difference in height is the primary indicator of the shell’s design and intended use.
The construction materials for both types of shell casings are typically similar. However, high brass shells are often associated with heavier loads and higher pressures, thus they’re typically more reinforced. Low brass shells are often found in lighter target loads, making them suitable for less demanding applications.
Considering the intended use, high brass shells were originally designed for hunting heavier game and competition shooting, where reliability and durability were crucial. Low brass shells, on the other hand, are frequently chosen for target shooting, and lighter hunting applications.
The Practical Applications of High Brass Shells
High brass shells are not as ubiquitous as they once were, but they still have a place in the world of shooting, particularly in specific situations. Understanding these applications can help you choose the right ammunition for your needs.
Hunting – Specific Game
High brass shells are still a favored choice for hunting certain types of game, most notably waterfowl. Their ability to handle the tougher extraction, durability, and their propensity to be loaded with heavy shot, makes them useful in situations where consistent performance is essential. The increased strength of high brass shells ensures they can withstand the rigors of outdoor use, including exposure to moisture and temperature changes. They are also chosen for hunting upland birds as well.
Competition/Sport Shooting (Special Considerations)
While modern target loads predominantly use low brass, high brass shells still have a place in competition shooting. In the past, some competition shooters used high brass shells for events like trap, skeet, and sporting clays, especially if they were using older shotguns or wanted a more reliable extraction.
Reasons for Historical Use and Modern Targeted Use
In the past, before advancements in ammunition technology, all shells were high brass. The high brass design provided more reliability. As technology improved, the use of high brass was gradually replaced by low brass shells. Today, high brass shells are often chosen when reliability and strength are paramount.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Shell
When selecting ammunition, there are several key factors to consider beyond just the type of brass. These factors will influence your performance and safety.
Gauge and Shell Length
This is the most basic consideration. Make sure the gauge and shell length are compatible with your shotgun. If you are using a 12-gauge shotgun, you cannot use a 20-gauge shell and vice versa. Shell length is equally important. Trying to force a shell that is too long for the chamber can result in a dangerous malfunction.
Shot Size
Shot size refers to the diameter of the individual pellets within the shell. Different shot sizes are optimized for different purposes. Small shot (e.g., birdshot) is best for smaller game, such as birds, while larger shot (e.g., buckshot) is ideal for larger game or self-defense.
Velocity and Recoil
The velocity of a shotgun shell refers to the speed at which the shot leaves the barrel. Generally, faster velocities result in a flatter trajectory and increased impact. However, they can also increase recoil. Recoil can affect your shooting comfort, your ability to make follow-up shots, and the wear and tear on your shoulder. High brass shells are often associated with heavier loads, which tend to increase recoil.
Choke Compatibility
Shotguns utilize chokes, which are attachments at the end of the barrel that constrict the shot pattern. Different chokes produce different patterns, from wide to narrow. Be sure to select a shell compatible with your choke.
Safety First
Safety should always be your top priority when handling firearms and ammunition. Always use the correct ammunition for your shotgun. Improper ammunition can lead to malfunctions and dangerous situations. Never modify or alter a shotgun shell. Always handle firearms with respect and follow all safety guidelines. Store ammunition in a safe, dry place, away from children and unauthorized individuals.
Conclusion
High brass shotgun shells, while not as common as they once were, still hold a significant place in the world of shooting. They offer enhanced durability, reliable extraction, and are ideally suited for specific hunting applications and shooting with older firearms.
By understanding the key characteristics, applications, and comparing them to their counterparts, you can make informed decisions about which ammunition is best for your needs. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter or a curious beginner, this knowledge empowers you to better enjoy the sport and prioritize safety.
