Understanding the .22 WMR Cartridge
Ballistics and Advantages
The crack of a .22 WMR bolt action rifle echoes through the crisp morning air, followed by the satisfying thud of a bullet striking its target. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter, a passionate target shooter, or simply someone looking for a reliable and accurate firearm, the .22 WMR bolt action rifle offers a compelling combination of performance, affordability, and versatility. This guide will delve deep into the world of these rifles, providing everything you need to know to make an informed decision and get the most out of your shooting experience.
Before exploring the rifles themselves, let’s get acquainted with the cartridge that powers them. The .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire, often simply called .22 WMR, is a rimfire cartridge that delivers a significant step up in performance compared to the more common .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR). It was designed and introduced by Winchester in the late nineteen-fifties, filling a niche for a higher-velocity, more powerful .22 caliber round.
The .22 WMR is known for its higher muzzle velocity and energy. A typical .22 WMR round can achieve velocities exceeding eighteen hundred feet per second, and some even approach two thousand feet per second, depending on the specific bullet weight and barrel length. This translates to a flatter trajectory, a longer effective range, and increased energy on impact.
The trajectory of a bullet is the path it takes through the air. Because .22 WMR bullets travel at higher velocities than .22 LR, they experience less drop over distance. This flatter trajectory makes it easier to hit targets at longer ranges, requiring less adjustment to your sights. While .22 LR bullets may start to drop noticeably after seventy-five to one hundred yards, .22 WMR bullets remain relatively flat out to one hundred and fifty yards or more. This superior trajectory is a significant advantage for both hunting and target shooting.
Compared to the .22 LR, the .22 WMR packs a punch. The increased velocity results in significantly more energy, making it a more effective round for taking small game and controlling pests. The .22 WMR offers more stopping power, increasing the chances of a clean and ethical kill when hunting and providing a more definitive result when dealing with nuisance animals.
Disadvantages of .22 WMR
However, there are a few drawbacks to consider. The .22 WMR is generally more expensive than the .22 LR. You’ll spend more per round, which can add up over time. While this premium is offset by the increased performance and range of the .22 WMR, it’s a factor to keep in mind, especially if you plan on doing a lot of plinking.
Another aspect to consider is noise. The .22 WMR typically produces a louder report than the .22 LR. This is due to the higher velocity and powder charge. In certain environments, this added noise can be a disadvantage, particularly if you are hunting where noise is a significant concern.
Features of Bolt Action Rifles
The Action Mechanism
The bolt action mechanism is a cornerstone of rifle design, prized for its simplicity, reliability, and inherent accuracy. It’s a manually operated action, meaning the shooter must cycle the bolt to load, fire, and eject each round.
The heart of the bolt action is, of course, the bolt itself. This cylindrical piece of metal houses the firing pin, extractor, and ejector. When the bolt is closed, it locks the cartridge into the chamber, readying the rifle for firing. After the round is fired, the shooter pulls back on the bolt handle, which retracts the bolt, extracting the spent casing. The ejector then flicks the spent casing out of the rifle. The subsequent forward movement of the bolt strips a new round from the magazine and chambers it.
Bolt actions are favored for their inherent accuracy. The robust locking mechanism, when properly designed and manufactured, creates a tight and consistent seal between the cartridge and the chamber, which contributes to precision. The simplicity of the design also leads to a lower chance of malfunctions compared to more complex semi-automatic actions.
Barrels and Stocks
The barrel is a vital component. It’s the tube that guides the bullet as it leaves the rifle. Barrel length influences both velocity and accuracy. Longer barrels generally provide higher muzzle velocities, as the propellant gases have more time to expand and accelerate the bullet. A longer barrel can contribute to enhanced accuracy, making it easier to hit targets at longer distances. The materials used to construct the barrel play a significant role. Common choices include steel and stainless steel. Stainless steel is more resistant to corrosion and can withstand the elements better than steel. The rifling, the spiral grooves cut into the inside of the barrel, imparts spin to the bullet, stabilizing it in flight and significantly improving its accuracy.
Stocks come in various materials and designs, offering different benefits. Wood stocks provide a classic look and feel but are often more susceptible to weather changes and require more maintenance. Synthetic stocks, made of materials like fiberglass or polymer, are more durable, resistant to the elements, and typically require less maintenance. Laminate stocks combine layers of wood for strength and stability. The ergonomics of the stock, including the shape, grip, and length of pull, are essential for comfortable and consistent shooting. An adjustable comb or length of pull can help customize the rifle to fit your body size and shooting style.
Optics, Magazines, and Triggers
The optics attached to a rifle can transform its performance. The vast majority of .22 WMR bolt action rifles are set up for scope mounting. A scope allows the shooter to magnify the target and provides a clearer sight picture, leading to improved accuracy, especially at longer ranges. The mounting system, whether it uses a rail or is drilled and tapped, is crucial. There are different types of scopes to choose from, including hunting scopes, target scopes, and scopes designed specifically for varmint hunting, each with its own features and magnification ranges.
The magazine is responsible for holding and feeding the ammunition into the rifle. The capacity of the magazine varies depending on the rifle model. Magazines can be either detachable or internal. Detachable magazines offer the convenience of quick reloading, while internal magazines are often simpler in design. Reliability is paramount for a smooth shooting experience.
The trigger is the mechanism that initiates the firing process. Trigger pull weight, the amount of force needed to pull the trigger, is a critical factor influencing accuracy. A lighter, crisper trigger typically contributes to more precise shooting. Trigger types include single-stage and two-stage. Single-stage triggers have one smooth pull, while two-stage triggers offer a preliminary take-up followed by a distinct break.
Performance and Applications
The .22 WMR bolt action rifle excels in situations where accuracy, range, and power are paramount. The inherent accuracy of bolt action rifles, combined with the ballistics of the .22 WMR cartridge, enables them to deliver tight shot groups at distances where a .22 LR might fall short.
Hunting and Pest Control
These rifles are ideal for small game hunting, such as rabbits, squirrels, and prairie dogs. The .22 WMR provides sufficient energy to dispatch these animals ethically and effectively, and the longer effective range of the cartridge allows hunters to take shots at a greater distance than would be possible with a .22 LR. The choice of bullet type is important. Hollow point or soft point bullets are preferred for hunting small game, because they expand on impact, delivering maximum energy transfer and a quick, humane kill.
.22 WMR bolt action rifles also find significant application in pest control. Their power and accuracy make them suitable for eliminating various nuisance animals, from rats to raccoons. Always observe local laws and regulations regarding pest control. Safety precautions are also of the utmost importance. Always be mindful of your surroundings and ensure a safe backstop to prevent accidental injuries or property damage.
Target Shooting
For target shooting, a .22 WMR bolt action rifle offers an engaging and rewarding experience. They are ideal for plinking and recreational shooting, and, with proper ammunition and a skilled shooter, can deliver impressive accuracy. Bolt action rifles give shooters a direct, hands-on connection with the mechanics of firing the weapon and are a great way to learn and improve shooting skills.
The advantages of a bolt action rifle compared to a semi-automatic include superior accuracy and inherent reliability. A semi-automatic action is more complex, increasing the potential for malfunctions. Bolt action rifles are also typically more affordable than their semi-automatic counterparts, and the simplicity of the design tends to lead to more consistent results.
Top .22 WMR Bolt Action Rifles: Recommendations
Choosing the best .22 WMR bolt action rifle depends on your needs and budget. Here are some well-regarded models to consider:
Rifle Recommendations
A popular and reliable choice is the **CZ 457 Varmint**. Known for its exceptional accuracy, this rifle features a cold hammer-forged barrel, a crisp trigger, and a robust design. It’s a favorite among target shooters and varmint hunters alike.
The **Savage Arms A22 Magnum Bolt Action** is an excellent value. It offers excellent accuracy and reliability at a budget-friendly price point. The AccuTrigger system, a signature feature, allows the shooter to adjust the trigger pull weight.
Another strong contender is the **Browning T-Bolt**. This rifle is known for its sleek design, smooth bolt action, and exceptional balance. While it is a bit more expensive than other options, the Browning T-Bolt is built to last.
For those seeking a more traditional aesthetic, the **Henry Repeating Arms H001T Varmint Express** offers a beautiful walnut stock and a reliable action. It is a great option for those who appreciate classic rifle design.
Choosing the Right Rifle
When selecting a .22 WMR bolt action rifle, begin by assessing your intended use. Are you primarily hunting small game, controlling pests, or target shooting? Different rifles are optimized for different purposes.
Set a budget. .22 WMR rifles range in price, so knowing your financial limitations will help you narrow down your options.
Evaluate the features that are important to you. Consider barrel length, stock material, scope mounting options, and trigger type.
Research the various models available, and read reviews from other users. This will give you insights into the performance, reliability, and overall satisfaction of each rifle.
If possible, handle the rifle before you buy it. Evaluate how it fits you, how comfortable it is to hold, and how easily you can operate the bolt. This will help you determine if the rifle feels right for you.
Safety Considerations
Safety must always be the foremost priority when handling any firearm. Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded. Keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction at all times. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to fire. Be sure of your target and what is beyond it.
Proper storage and transportation are essential. Store your rifle unloaded, in a locked cabinet or safe, out of the reach of children and unauthorized individuals. When transporting your rifle, make sure it is unloaded and encased.
Gun safety courses are an excellent way to learn safe gun handling practices. Many organizations offer such courses, teaching essential skills, regulations, and responsible ownership.
Be aware of all applicable laws and regulations regarding the ownership, use, and transportation of firearms. These laws vary depending on your location, so it’s essential to be informed and compliant.
Maintenance and Care
Regular maintenance will ensure your .22 WMR bolt action rifle functions reliably and accurately for years to come. Clean the barrel and action after each shooting session. Use a cleaning rod, patches, and appropriate solvents to remove powder residue, lead fouling, and other debris. Lubricate the moving parts, such as the bolt and action, with a gun oil designed to prevent corrosion.
Store your rifle in a clean, dry place to prevent rust and damage. Periodically inspect the rifle for any signs of wear or damage. Pay close attention to the barrel, bolt, and trigger mechanism. Address any issues promptly to prevent further problems.
Conclusion
The .22 WMR bolt action rifle offers a fantastic combination of performance, versatility, and affordability. With its impressive range and power, it is a superb choice for small game hunting, pest control, target shooting, and general plinking. By understanding the features, performance, and safety considerations discussed in this guide, you can choose the perfect rifle to meet your needs and enjoy the rewarding experience of responsible gun ownership.
