Introduction
The crisp dawn air, scented with the promise of spring, crackles with the sounds of the awakening woods. The gobble of a longbeard echoes through the trees, a challenge and an invitation. For those who answer, choosing the right equipment is paramount. While the twelve gauge reigns supreme in popularity, a growing number of turkey hunters are turning to a more compact and maneuverable option: the twenty gauge. This article delves into the realm of twenty gauge turkey loads, specifically focusing on the two and three-quarter-inch shells, providing a comprehensive guide to help you connect with that elusive spring turkey.
The versatility and effectiveness of the twenty gauge for turkey hunting are often underestimated. Its lighter weight and reduced recoil make it a comfortable choice, especially for youth hunters or those who prefer a less punishing experience. But don’t let the smaller size fool you; when loaded with the right ammunition, a twenty gauge can be a deadly weapon in the turkey woods, capable of taking down a mature gobbler with a well-placed shot. The key lies in understanding the nuances of load selection and optimizing your setup for maximum performance.
The Advantages of the Twenty Gauge
The appeal of the twenty gauge is multifaceted. Its lighter weight, a significant advantage when navigating dense cover or carrying it for extended periods, reduces fatigue, leading to more focused hunting. The reduced recoil compared to its larger twelve gauge counterpart translates to increased comfort, making it a more enjoyable experience, especially for extended practice sessions. This is a major plus for newer hunters.
The twenty gauge, when properly loaded, retains enough stopping power to humanely harvest a turkey at reasonable ranges. With the right ammunition and a well-tuned shotgun, the twenty gauge offers a balance between portability, comfort, and effectiveness that many hunters find irresistible. The growing availability of high-performance twenty gauge loads further enhances its appeal.
Potential Drawbacks
It’s crucial to acknowledge the limitations. The effective range of a twenty gauge, even with premium loads, is generally shorter than that of a twelve gauge. This means shot selection and range estimation become even more critical. This necessitates a more considered approach to hunting, emphasizing careful stalking and knowing the limitations of your equipment.
Another aspect to consider is the pattern density. Due to the smaller shot payload, patterns tend to be less dense compared to twelve gauge loads. This means that a smaller margin for error exists when it comes to shot placement. Precise aiming becomes even more paramount, emphasizing the need for consistent practice and a thorough understanding of your firearm.
However, these potential drawbacks are not insurmountable. By carefully selecting the right ammunition, patterning your shotgun, and practicing your shooting skills, you can minimize these concerns and confidently pursue turkeys with a twenty gauge.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Turkey Loads
Selecting the appropriate turkey load involves more than just grabbing a box off the shelf. Understanding the different aspects of ammunition construction is essential for making informed choices.
Shot Size
The size of the individual pellets within the shotshell plays a crucial role in performance. Turkey loads typically utilize larger shot sizes compared to other types of hunting. Common sizes include number four, five, and six shot.
Number four shot offers a higher pellet count per shell, which results in denser patterns, potentially increasing the probability of multiple pellet strikes on the target. However, these larger pellets may not penetrate as deeply, particularly at longer ranges. This makes it a viable option at closer ranges for maximum pattern density.
Number five shot provides a good balance between pellet count and penetration. It offers a reasonable number of pellets for effective pattern density while delivering sufficient energy for deeper penetration. This makes it a versatile choice for a wide variety of ranges.
Number six shot features the highest pellet count, creating the densest patterns. Although the pellets may have less stopping power at extended ranges, this can be partially offset by the increased number of pellets on target. This shot size is a popular choice for situations where patterns are crucial.
Choosing the best shot size often involves a trade-off between pellet count, penetration, and range. Experimentation is critical. Patterning your shotgun with different sizes and observing the results is key. This enables you to select the shot size that best suits your shooting style and typical hunting conditions. For most twenty gauge turkey hunters, number five or number six shot will provide the best overall performance.
Shot Type
The material used to make the shot significantly impacts its performance. Different shot types offer varying levels of density, which affects range, penetration, and overall effectiveness.
Lead shot is a traditional and widely available option. Its affordability and reliable performance have made it a favorite among turkey hunters for many years. However, certain regions may have lead restrictions.
Copper-plated lead shot is a step up. The copper plating adds hardness and increases the shot’s ability to remain spherical, which can improve pattern density and downrange performance.
Tungsten-based shot is a premium option. Tungsten is denser than lead, which allows for tighter patterns, increased penetration, and extended effective ranges. This makes it an excellent choice for twenty gauges, where maximizing downrange effectiveness is a priority. The higher cost is typically offset by improved terminal performance.
The best shot type for you depends on your budget, the legal requirements of your hunting area, and your specific hunting preferences.
Wad Type and Patterning
The wad, a critical component of the shotshell, protects the shot as it travels down the barrel and also influences pattern performance. Wads often incorporate features like “flite control” to help separate the shot from the wad and promote tighter patterns.
Understanding the importance of patterning is key. Each shotgun, even of the same make and model, will perform slightly differently with various loads. This makes it imperative to pattern your shotgun with the loads you intend to use in the field.
Patterning involves shooting at a target at various distances and observing the resulting pattern. This helps you determine the effective range of your load and the best choke for your setup.
Shell Velocity
The speed at which the pellets leave the barrel is another critical factor. Higher velocities generally translate to flatter trajectories and increased penetration. However, extremely high velocities can sometimes distort patterns.
The best turkey loads for a twenty gauge will often fall into a specific velocity range, typically between 1100 and 1300 feet per second. The ideal velocity depends on the shot type and shot size.
Recommended Twenty Gauge Turkey Loads
Choosing the right turkey load can be a daunting task, given the numerous options available. The following are some popular choices that have proven effective in the field. Remember to always check current availability, as ammunition can change.
- Federal Premium 3rd Degree: This versatile load combines tungsten, copper-plated lead, and steel shot to create a devastating pattern. The blended shot delivers dense patterns and effective range.
- Winchester Long Beard XR: This load features a unique wad and a special buffering that promotes tight patterns and excellent downrange performance.
- Remington Turkey Loads: Remington produces several reliable turkey loads in twenty gauge, providing consistent performance. The specific type may vary based on the shot type and shell construction.
- Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) Options: Several manufacturers offer TSS loads, providing the ultimate in performance. These loads deliver exceptional penetration and tight patterns. Brands such as Apex, and others, offer TSS in many configurations.
*Always check the latest reviews and performance reports before selecting any load. Local gun shops or forums related to turkey hunting can be valuable resources.*
Patterning Your Shotgun: The Key to Success
Patterning is the cornerstone of successful turkey hunting with any shotgun. It’s the process of shooting your chosen loads at a target at different distances and analyzing the resulting pattern.
The Process
Begin by setting up a large target, such as a sheet of paper with a turkey head silhouette. Measure distances from your muzzle: typically, start at twenty yards, then move to thirty, and forty yards.
Aim at the center of the target and fire at least three shots with the load you have selected for testing. Make sure the gun is securely rested for each shot.
After each shot, examine the pattern. Count the number of pellet hits within a ten-inch or twelve-inch circle centered around the point of aim. This helps you determine the pattern density and effectiveness of the load.
Analyzing Your Patterns
A good pattern will have a high pellet count within the circle, with an even distribution across the target. Look for any voids or areas of thin coverage.
Based on your pattern analysis, you can determine the effective range of your load. The effective range is the distance at which you consistently achieve a pattern dense enough to ensure a clean, ethical kill. It is crucial *never* to shoot beyond your effective range.
If your patterns are too sparse at a particular distance, you may need to experiment with different chokes, loads, or shot sizes.
Chokes and Accessories
Using the correct choke tube is essential for achieving optimal pattern performance. Turkey hunting requires a tight pattern at moderate ranges.
Full or extra-full chokes are typically recommended for turkey hunting. Consider using a turkey-specific choke designed for the specific shot type you are using.
Other accessories can enhance your turkey hunting experience. These may include specialized sights or slings.
Ethical Turkey Hunting with the Twenty Gauge
Responsible and ethical hunting must always be the priority. This involves adhering to all hunting regulations, respecting wildlife, and ensuring a clean, quick kill.
- Range Awareness: Never exceed your gun’s effective range.
- Shot Placement: Aim for the head and neck.
- Environmental Responsibility: Be aware of your surroundings.
- Follow-Up: If a bird is hit, make every effort to recover it.
Conclusion
The twenty gauge, when properly equipped with the right ammunition, is a highly capable turkey gun. With a well-chosen load and a well-patterned shotgun, you can experience the thrill of turkey hunting. By understanding the factors that influence performance and carefully selecting your equipment, you can increase your chances of success and enjoy the sport.
Remember to prioritize safety, practice your shooting skills, and hunt ethically. Get out there and chase those gobblers, responsibly.
