A Legacy Forged in Steel: The J. Stevens Arms Company
To understand the significance of the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun, we must first look at its parentage. The J. Stevens Arms Company, established in 1864, left an indelible mark on the American firearms landscape. Founded by Joshua Stevens, the company started small, producing rifles, pistols, and other arms. Early on, Stevens showed a commitment to innovation and quality, rapidly becoming a respected manufacturer known for affordability without sacrificing reliability. The company underwent several iterations, ownership changes, and acquisitions throughout its history, including periods under the control of Savage Arms. Yet, the spirit of innovation, value, and reliability remained at the heart of their output.
The company’s early focus was primarily on rifles, but as the market evolved, so did Stevens. They saw the rising popularity of shotguns and expanded their offerings, producing a wide range of models and gauges that would appeal to a broad consumer base. This willingness to adapt and cater to changing market demands ultimately led to the development and widespread acceptance of the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun.
The Rise of the Twenty Gauge
The 20 gauge, in its own right, has an interesting history. It wasn’t immediately as popular as the more powerful 12 gauge, but its advantages soon became apparent. The 20 gauge offers a significant reduction in recoil compared to the 12 gauge. This makes it easier and more comfortable to shoot, particularly for smaller-framed individuals, women, and youth. The lighter weight of a 20 gauge gun also makes it easier to carry for extended periods while hunting. These factors, combined with its effectiveness in hunting smaller game and birds, fueled its popularity.
The Stevens 20 gauge shotgun, like many firearms of its era, benefited from advancements in ammunition technology. The evolution of shot shells, with improvements in wads, shot patterns, and powder charges, contributed to its efficiency. As shells became more reliable and performed better, the 20 gauge found an enthusiastic following, solidifying its position as a useful and desirable option for sport.
Examining the Lineage: Notable Stevens Twenty Gauge Models
Over the years, the J. Stevens Arms Company produced a variety of 20 gauge shotgun models. Each model has its own unique features, but all share the same core traits: reliability, practicality, and affordability.
Among the most recognized is the pump-action model, often associated with versatility and ease of use. This is often associated with a robust design, making it a preferred choice for various purposes. These shotguns featured tubular magazine capacity, simple operation, and durable construction, making them well-suited for both hunting and recreational shooting. They were often relatively inexpensive, making them an excellent choice for beginners and experienced shooters alike.
The side-by-side Stevens 20 gauge shotgun provides a more traditional, classic look. Side-by-sides have two barrels, offering a certain aesthetic appeal that many enthusiasts appreciate. These were sometimes chosen by upland bird hunters who wanted a quick second shot.
Finally, over-under models, where one barrel sits atop another, are known for their balance and pointability. Though less common than their pump-action or side-by-side counterparts, Stevens did produce over-under Stevens 20 gauge shotgun variants, offering a higher level of sophistication and a more refined shooting experience.
Delving into the Design: Features and Specifications
While specific specifications varied from model to model, certain features are generally associated with the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun.
The action type is an obvious differentiator. As mentioned earlier, Stevens produced pump-action, side-by-side, and over-under models, each with its own mechanical characteristics. Pump-actions, with their cycling operation, are often favored for their speed and straightforwardness. Side-by-sides provide a more traditional feel, while over-unders offer a balanced design and quick second-shot capability.
Barrel lengths were diverse, ranging from shorter barrels for maneuverability (often found on the defensive-oriented models) to longer barrels for improved accuracy and shot patterns when hunting. Choke options, too, played an important role. These constrictions at the muzzle control the spread of the shot. Common choke configurations included cylinder, improved cylinder, modified, and full, each suited to different shooting scenarios and target distances.
The materials and construction are also noteworthy. Early Stevens 20 gauge shotgun models typically incorporated steel barrels and receivers. Wood stocks and fore-ends added to the aesthetics and provided comfortable handling. Later designs often used lighter materials like aluminum alloys in the receiver to reduce weight, improving portability.
The weight of the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun is generally less than that of a 12 gauge counterpart, a factor that makes it more comfortable to carry in the field. The dimensions also contribute to the overall feel. A more compact shotgun is easier to handle in thick brush, while a longer model might have a slight advantage at longer ranges.
Capacity varied, too. Pump-action models typically had a magazine capacity of several rounds, while side-by-sides and over-unders provided the standard two-shot capacity (plus one in the chamber). The presence of a safety mechanism, a critical design feature, provides a layer of protection against accidental discharge. Mechanical safeties are common, usually a simple button or lever located on the receiver.
The Advantages of the Twenty Gauge Stevens
The Stevens 20 gauge shotgun offers a range of benefits that make it an attractive choice. Its manageable recoil is perhaps its most notable advantage. This is especially beneficial for shooters of all ages and skill levels. The gentler recoil means less fatigue during extended shooting sessions and allows for faster follow-up shots.
The Stevens 20 gauge shotgun shines in the field for hunting. It’s a great choice for smaller game, such as rabbits and squirrels, as well as for birds like quail, dove, and pheasant. The 20 gauge is often seen as a near-perfect choice for upland bird hunting, where the lighter weight and maneuverability are significant assets.
The ease of use is another compelling advantage. Pump-action models, with their simple operation, are intuitive for beginners. The side-by-sides are straightforward in their use. A Stevens 20 gauge shotgun is often considered a great firearm to begin shooting sports, and develop into other more complicated shotguns.
Finally, the availability and cost of the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun are advantageous. They are relatively accessible on the used market, and finding ammunition is rarely difficult. Compared to the 12 gauge, ammunition might cost a little more per shell.
Practical Applications for a Classic
The Stevens 20 gauge shotgun is a versatile firearm with a number of practical applications. Its primary role is in the hunting field. Its effectiveness on smaller game and birds has already been addressed. However, many shooters have found the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun a good option to bring to the shooting range, making it suitable for clay pigeon shooting and target practice.
The 20 gauge can also be used for home defense, but it’s essential to understand the legal and ethical considerations. Owning and using a firearm for self-defense comes with significant responsibility. Proper training in gun safety, marksmanship, and local firearms laws is crucial. A smaller gauge and lighter weight firearm can be effective for personal protection, but it is still crucial to understand the risks.
The Collectible Appeal
For collectors, the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun has a special allure. The models, combined with the brand’s history, make them attractive. Value depends on several factors. The model, condition (original condition, well-cared for, etc.) and rarity all influence price. Some rarer models, special editions, and those in pristine condition command higher prices.
For collectors, finding and buying vintage Stevens 20 gauge shotgun models is a journey that involves research, patience, and careful inspection. Collectors often frequent gun shows, online auctions, and antique shops. It is vital to thoroughly examine the shotgun for wear and tear and ensure its mechanical functionality before buying.
Maintenance and Care: Keeping Your Stevens in Top Shape
Proper care and maintenance are essential to ensure the longevity and reliable performance of a Stevens 20 gauge shotgun. Regular cleaning and lubrication are fundamental. After each use, the barrel should be cleaned with a bore brush and solvent to remove powder residue and other fouling. The action should be cleaned and lubricated. Regularly inspect the firearm for any signs of rust, damage, or wear.
Safe storage is also important. The Stevens 20 gauge shotgun should be stored unloaded in a secure location, away from children and unauthorized individuals. It is also advisable to keep the shotgun locked, perhaps in a gun safe, with the ammunition stored separately.
The Twenty Gauge in the Wider World
Comparing the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun to other 20 gauge shotguns from different manufacturers is beneficial. The Remington Model 870 is a widely recognized pump-action competitor, sharing many of the same characteristics. Mossberg offers pump-action models as well. The Winchester Model 101, is the premier over-under competition.
The Stevens 20 gauge shotgun has its advantages. Its combination of affordability, reliability, and historical significance makes it a standout. While other brands have their strengths, the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun offers a blend of practicality, and heritage that appeals to many.
A Timeless Classic
In closing, the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun remains a valued firearm. From its origins with the J. Stevens Arms Company to its continued appeal among shooters today, the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun represents a combination of practicality, reliability, and historical significance. Whether for hunting, recreational shooting, or collecting, the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun continues to serve its owners well.
If you’re thinking of acquiring a Stevens 20 gauge shotgun, take the time to research different models, learn how to properly care for your firearm, and always adhere to safe gun handling practices. Consider the legacy and timeless appeal of the Stevens 20 gauge shotgun. You may soon find yourself with a shotgun that becomes a favorite for decades to come.
