Introduction
The venerable .45-70 Government cartridge, a legend born from the battlefield and embraced by generations of shooters, continues to thrive. Its enduring popularity stems from its potent performance, rich history, and versatility, making it a favorite for everything from hunting big game to plinking at the range. Central to the .45-70’s appeal is the art of handloading, and at the heart of this craft lies a critical component: the bullet mould. This comprehensive guide delves into the world of .45-70 bullet moulds, equipping you with the knowledge to select, use, and master these essential tools for achieving exceptional results.
The .45-70’s genesis, rooted in the American military’s need for a powerful, reliable cartridge, is intertwined with the evolution of reloading itself. The capacity to tailor ammunition to specific needs, leveraging the power of cast bullets, has made handloading a passion for many. A well-chosen bullet mould allows for the production of custom bullets, fine-tuned to individual rifles and shooting styles, unlocking the full potential of this classic round. Unlike buying pre-made bullets, bullet moulds offer a cost-effective means of producing your own projectiles, providing a gateway to enhanced accuracy and control.
Understanding .45-70 Bullet Mould Basics
Understanding the basics of a .45-70 bullet mould is fundamental. The core of the system consists of the mould itself, which is typically constructed from materials like cast iron or aluminum. The mould’s design determines the shape, weight, and overall profile of the bullet. Within the mould, precision-cut cavities define the bullet’s form. Molten lead, carefully heated to the correct temperature, is poured into these cavities, solidifying to take the shape of the mould. The sprue plate, a crucial component, sits atop the mould and controls the flow of molten metal. It ensures the cavity fills completely and, once the lead cools, it cleanly removes the excess metal. Handles attached to the mould enable easy handling during pouring and removal of the finished bullets.
Bullet moulds are not simply generic devices. They are tools that allow for customization. You have the ability to select the number of cavities, potentially producing multiple bullets per pouring cycle. You can choose from a spectrum of profiles. The material used in the manufacture of the mould itself influences how it heats and cools, further impacting the bullet’s quality.
Types of .45-70 Bullet Moulds
Delving into the different types of .45-70 bullet moulds opens up a world of options. Moulds come in various configurations, each catering to specific needs. The number of cavities is the most fundamental differentiation. Single-cavity moulds produce one bullet at a time, offering greater precision and control, often favored by those meticulously focused on each casting process. Double-cavity moulds double the output, enabling faster production. The multi-cavity moulds offer the benefit of casting even more bullets per cycle, ideal for high-volume handloaders.
The material of the mould impacts its performance. Cast iron moulds, known for their durability and excellent heat retention, offer consistent casting. Aluminum moulds, on the other hand, heat up more quickly, making them useful for faster casting sessions. However, they may require more careful temperature management.
The design of the bullet itself is another critical aspect. The shape of the bullet has a profound influence on trajectory, accuracy, and terminal performance. Several common profiles are popular for .45-70 handloading.
Round Nose Flat Point (RNFP)
The Round Nose Flat Point (RNFP) design, a versatile choice, offers a good balance of accuracy and penetration. Its flat nose encourages rapid expansion upon impact.
Flat Nose (FN)
Flat Nose (FN) bullets, known for their straight-line penetration, are often favoured for big-game hunting. Their broad, flat profile transfers significant energy to the target.
Semi Wadcutter (SWC)
Semi Wadcutter (SWC) bullets provide excellent accuracy. The sharp shoulder of a semi wadcutter cleanly cuts through paper targets, making for easier scoring. They perform well at moderate velocities.
Wadcutter (WC)
Wadcutter (WC) bullets, with their cylindrical shape, are designed to punch clean holes in paper. They excel at target shooting at shorter ranges.
Hollow Point (HP)
Hollow Point (HP) designs, with their cavity in the nose, are engineered to expand dramatically upon impact, maximizing energy transfer. This creates significant terminal effect, well-suited for hunting, but can be less precise at longer distances.
The weight of the bullet, in conjunction with its profile, defines its ballistic properties. The .45-70 can handle a wide range of bullet weights, from lighter bullets suited for target practice to heavier options designed for maximum penetration. The selection of bullet weight, guided by the desired application and the rifle’s barrel twist rate, ensures optimal performance.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a .45-70 Bullet Mould
Choosing a .45-70 bullet mould requires careful consideration. The intended use dictates the selection. Is it hunting, or target shooting? Different applications call for different bullet weights and shapes. The environment dictates choices, too: will it be close range brush hunting or long distance range targets? The type of rifle, from lever-action rifles to single-shot rifles, will help narrow the decision.
The desired bullet weight and shape have significant ramifications on ballistics. Heavier bullets maintain momentum better at longer distances. The shape of the bullet also affects how it flies through the air. The design must fit into the rifle’s chamber and barrel.
The metal used in the casting alloy, typically a lead-based alloy, further influences bullet performance. The mix of lead with small amounts of tin and antimony impacts the bullet’s hardness and ability to maintain its shape under stress. This, in turn, influences accuracy. Experimenting with different alloys can fine-tune bullet performance.
The casting process requires understanding. The mould needs to be correctly prepared before use, and molten lead must be heated to the correct temperature. The sprue plate must be operated to allow for the creation of each bullet. The poured bullets must cool correctly, and the whole procedure is best in a stable environment.
Using a .45-70 Bullet Mould: A Step-by-Step Guide
Mastering the use of a .45-70 bullet mould is a skill developed with practice. It begins with meticulous preparation of the mould. The mould should be cleaned, removing any debris and residue. Lubrication of critical surfaces helps ensure smooth operation.
The lead needs to be melted in a lead pot at a safe distance, preferably outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. The temperature of the molten lead is critical; too hot and you risk imperfections; too cold and the bullets may not fill properly. After molten lead is ready, you can pour the lead into the mold.
Carefully pouring the molten lead into the cavities without spillage, ensuring that they are fully filled, is an essential skill. The sprue plate must be operated efficiently. The molten lead must cool inside the mold for a time.
Once the bullets are sufficiently cooled, the sprue plate can be opened to release the freshly cast bullets. The bullets are then removed, usually by tapping the sprue plate. All completed bullets should be checked before the next cycle, and any problems assessed.
Subsequent steps involve bullet sizing, lubricating the bullets, and examining the finished bullets for any defects. These post-casting steps contribute to the consistency and reliability of the final product.
Loading .45-70 Cartridges with Cast Bullets
Loading .45-70 cartridges with cast bullets demands precision. The bullets, once cast, must be sized using a bullet sizer to achieve the correct diameter for the specific rifle’s bore. The proper powder, in the correct amounts, must then be selected. Load development should be performed carefully, using established load data as a starting point, and proceeding with caution, because of risks to safety.
Once a potential load is discovered, it must be tested, usually on the range. Accuracy is measured by grouping bullets on a target, and velocity checked. The performance of the load can then be assessed to discover the best result.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Troubleshooting common issues is a part of the process. Imperfections in the bullets will occur from time to time, but are avoidable with care. Voids, frosting, or wrinkles indicate issues with the lead temperature or casting technique. Accuracy problems may be caused by improper bullet fit.
The process of bullet casting requires the right tools. The quality of the equipment, as well as the care given to it, contribute to bullet quality. Proper cleaning, maintenance, and storage of the bullet mould are essential for extending its lifespan and ensuring continued accuracy.
Conclusion
The .45-70 bullet mould offers a pathway to customizing ammunition, enhancing accuracy and performance, and fostering a deeper appreciation of the handloading art. With a clear grasp of the fundamentals and a bit of practice, you’ll gain the skills to cast precise bullets.
*Remember to prioritize safety throughout the handloading process, always following recommended practices, and consulting reputable load data resources.*
For further information, explore the resources available: Consult online forums, websites of bullet mould manufacturers, and other reputable sources to refine your understanding and gain insight from experienced handloaders. Many books, and online guides offer in-depth discussions of bullet casting and handloading techniques. Mastering .45-70 bullet moulds is not just about creating bullets; it’s about experiencing the full potential of this legendary cartridge, one perfectly cast bullet at a time.
