A Glimpse into the Past
The crack of the rifle, the familiar smell of burnt gunpowder, and the satisfaction of a successful hunt – these are the experiences that draw many of us to the sport of deer hunting. While modern cartridges often dominate the conversation, there’s a certain charm and practicality in looking back at the classics. One such cartridge is the 32-20, a round steeped in history, and still capable of taking down a deer when used responsibly. This article delves into the world of 32-20 for deer, exploring its capabilities, limitations, and the best practices to ensure a safe and ethical hunt.
The story of the 32-20 begins in the late 1800s. The Winchester Repeating Arms Company, a name synonymous with the American West, introduced the .32-20 Winchester in 1882. The “32” refers to the bullet’s approximate diameter, and the “20” signifies the approximate powder charge in grains of black powder used to propel it. It quickly gained popularity, finding its way into lever-action rifles like the Winchester Model 1873 and the Model 1892, as well as single-action revolvers. It was a versatile cartridge, well-suited for target shooting, small game hunting, and general farm use. It represented an improvement in velocity and range over its predecessors.
The 32-20 was a common cartridge, finding its way into the hands of cowboys, lawmen, and everyday citizens. Its ease of use and reasonable power made it a practical choice for a variety of tasks. It wasn’t designed for massive game; its initial purpose was more akin to smaller targets. The cartridge’s use was widespread across the United States, solidifying its place in both sporting and historical terms.
Understanding the Ballistics
To understand the 32-20 for deer hunting, we must examine its ballistics. Traditionally, the 32-20 used bullets weighing between 85 and 115 grains. These bullets, often with a round-nosed or flat-nosed design, were propelled by smokeless powder, giving them a muzzle velocity of around 1,200 to 1,500 feet per second. The energy on impact varied, but the cartridge’s energy was significantly lower than the modern, more powerful cartridges.
The trajectory of the 32-20 is relatively flat at shorter ranges but begins to drop significantly at distances beyond 100 yards. This means that to be successful, hunters need to be aware of the bullet’s path and compensate for the drop when aiming at longer targets. The effective range for ethical deer hunting with a 32-20 is generally considered to be within 75 to 100 yards, perhaps even closer. The lightweight bullet and lower energy make longer shots less reliable, even with a more accurate shooter.
In a world of powerful magnum rounds, the 32-20 seems like a relic. The common deer hunting rounds pack considerably more punch. A .30-30, for instance, delivers significantly more energy at 100 yards. Yet, this doesn’t invalidate the capabilities of the 32-20. Hunters considering this cartridge must understand its performance limitations.
The Benefits and Drawbacks of Using This Cartridge
Let’s analyze the positives and negatives associated with using the 32-20 for deer hunting:
Advantages
Reduced Recoil: One of the most appealing aspects of the 32-20 is its light recoil. This makes it a pleasant cartridge to shoot, and the gentle recoil allows for quicker follow-up shots. This is especially appreciated by new hunters.
Potential for Accuracy at Shorter Ranges: With the right firearm and ammunition, the 32-20 can deliver impressive accuracy at closer distances. This is especially true with experienced shooters who have taken the time to develop accurate loads.
Historical Significance and Nostalgia: For many, the allure of hunting with the 32-20 is rooted in its history. Using a classic firearm and cartridge can add a unique dimension to the hunting experience. It connects hunters to the past.
Legal Considerations: In some areas, the 32-20 may be permissible for deer hunting where larger, more powerful cartridges are restricted due to regulations. Always check your local and state laws to confirm.
Disadvantages
Limited Range: The 32-20’s greatest weakness is its limited effective range. Long-distance shots are not recommended, and hunters need to be sure they can make an ethical shot within 75–100 yards.
Less Knockdown Power: The small bullet diameter and modest energy mean that the 32-20 may have less “knockdown power” compared to larger cartridges. Shot placement is absolutely critical.
Potential for Wounding: Due to the above points, there is a higher risk of wounding a deer with a poorly placed shot. Hunters must take great care with their shots.
Ammunition Availability: While not impossible, ammunition availability for the 32-20 can be more limited than for more common deer hunting cartridges.
Shot Placement and Ethical Responsibilities
Regardless of the cartridge used, the cornerstone of ethical deer hunting is precise shot placement. This is doubly important when using the 32-20. Hunters should aim for the vital organs – the heart and lungs – to ensure a quick and humane kill. A broadside shot, presenting the largest target area, is often preferred. This allows the bullet to penetrate the chest cavity.
Avoid shots at extreme angles, as these can significantly reduce the chances of a clean kill. Remember, the 32-20 is not a long-range cartridge. The ability to confidently hit a vital target is a prerequisite for ethical hunting.
Additionally, ethical hunters must understand their limits. If a shot presents itself at a distance beyond their comfort zone, or in circumstances that will not provide a guaranteed shot, the hunter should resist the urge to shoot. This will reduce the possibility of wounding an animal.
If a deer is hit, but not immediately down, the hunter has a responsibility to track it carefully. Follow blood trails, and if possible, use a tracking dog. Contacting the local game warden may also be useful.
Choosing Your Firearm and Ammunition
If you are serious about hunting with the 32-20, selecting the right firearm and ammunition is crucial. The Winchester Model 1873 and the Model 1892 are popular choices for lever-action rifles, offering a nostalgic hunting experience. Other options include various single-shot rifles and revolvers chambered for the cartridge.
Ammunition is equally important. Finding the right ammunition can be a challenge. Some of the trusted manufacturers that still produce .32-20 ammunition include Remington and Winchester. The most common bullet weights range from 85 to 115 grains. If handloading is an option, a hunter can customize their loads for maximum accuracy and efficiency. Choosing the right bullet type is essential. A soft-point bullet expands upon impact, transferring energy to the target and potentially causing more damage. However, any bullet chosen should always be designed for hunting purposes and not just for target shooting.
Understanding Legal Requirements
Before embarking on a deer hunt with the 32-20, it’s essential to familiarize yourself with all applicable laws and regulations. These rules can vary from state to state, and even within different regions of the same state.
Check the legal requirements for deer hunting in your area. Some states have minimum caliber or energy requirements for deer hunting. The 32-20 may or may not meet these requirements, depending on the location. It is the hunter’s responsibility to understand the rules. Also, always adhere to all hunting regulations. This includes having the appropriate licenses, adhering to the hunting season dates, and respecting property boundaries.
Real-World Examples
While the 32-20 is not a first-choice cartridge for modern deer hunting, success is possible. Reports of successful deer harvests with the 32-20 can be found, both in historical accounts and modern-day forum discussions. However, the key factor in all successful hunts is a skilled hunter who understands the limitations of the cartridge and makes ethical decisions. A hunter who is patient, close-range oriented, and an expert marksman can have success.
These are examples of hunters who have used the cartridge for deer. The importance of shot placement is a constant theme in every example. They prove that the 32-20 can be used.
A Final Word
Is the 32-20 for deer hunting a viable option? The answer is a qualified yes. It is not a round that should be used by everyone, but it has its niche. The cartridge is most effective for those hunters who appreciate the history, limit their range, and understand the importance of shot placement and ethical hunting.
The 32-20 is not a cartridge for beginners. It does, however, offer a unique challenge and the opportunity to connect with a piece of firearms history. Careful shot placement, and a proper understanding of the cartridge’s limitations, should be a hunter’s top priority. The successful hunter will be patient, making responsible decisions. Before embarking on your next deer hunt, make sure you have all the licenses and the proper knowledge. As always, respect the animal you’re hunting. The choice of whether or not to hunt with the 32-20 is ultimately a personal one.
