The Corrosive Enemy
The beauty of a well-maintained firearm is undeniable. The gleaming metal, the smooth action, the confidence it inspires – all contribute to a sense of respect for both the tool and the craft. However, one persistent foe can ruin all of that: rust. Left unchecked, rust not only mars the aesthetics of a firearm but also compromises its functionality and, most importantly, its safety. This guide delves deep into the methods of rust removal, equipping you with the knowledge to combat this corrosive enemy and keep your firearms in peak condition.
The relentless threat of rust looms over all firearms. Understanding its nature, and how to get rust off of a gun, is paramount to responsible gun ownership. Rust is more than just an unsightly blemish; it’s a sign of deterioration, a gradual decay that can lead to serious problems if not addressed promptly. This guide offers a comprehensive strategy to combat it.
What is Rust?
Rust, in its essence, is the result of a chemical reaction – a process of oxidation. When iron or steel, the primary metals used in firearm construction, are exposed to both oxygen and moisture, a reaction occurs, forming iron oxide – which we recognize as rust. This oxidation process eats away at the metal’s surface, causing it to weaken and eventually break down. The process is accelerated by factors like heat, humidity, and the presence of corrosive elements like salts or acids.
The Perfect Storm for Corrosion
The formation of rust on a gun is a multi-step process, a perfect storm of elements coming together to wreak havoc. The metal of the gun (usually steel) reacts with oxygen present in the air. This reaction requires the presence of water, which can come from humidity, rain, condensation, or even your own sweat. When the metal comes into contact with water that is in the air, rust begins to form. This rust, if left unattended, will continue to corrode the metal, weakening the structure and compromising the integrity of the firearm. Understanding the factors that contribute to rust formation helps you in preventing and fighting it.
More Than Meets the Eye
The consequences of rust extend far beyond cosmetic blemishes. It’s a threat to the structural integrity, accuracy, and operational safety of a gun. Here’s a closer look:
To Accuracy: Rust can corrode the barrel’s interior, altering the rifling and affecting bullet trajectory, leading to inaccurate shots.
To Aesthetics: Rust is visually unappealing. It destroys the surface finish and reduces the value of the firearm.
To Safety: Rust can weaken critical components like the firing pin, springs, and the action, potentially causing malfunctions or even catastrophic failure during firing.
Internal Damage: Rust can spread to hard-to-reach areas, leading to more serious structural damage and operational failures.
Safety First
Before you even contemplate how to get rust off of a gun, prioritizing safety is paramount. Firearms are inherently dangerous if not handled correctly, and the processes involved in rust removal can introduce additional hazards. Always adhere to these safety guidelines:
Handle Firearms Safely: Always treat every gun as if it’s loaded. Point the muzzle in a safe direction at all times, and never point a gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. Ensure the firearm is unloaded before starting any work. Remove the magazine and visually inspect the chamber to confirm the gun is clear.
Eye Protection: Rust removal often involves solvents, abrasives, and small particles that can easily become airborne. Always wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes from injury.
Gloves: Chemical rust removers and cleaning solutions can irritate the skin. Wear appropriate gloves, such as nitrile or latex, to protect your hands.
Ventilation: Many rust removal methods release fumes that can be harmful if inhaled. Work in a well-ventilated area, preferably outdoors or in a room with excellent air circulation.
A Gentle Approach for Light Rust
For early-stage rust – small spots or surface discoloration – simpler methods can often effectively restore your firearm.
Cleaning
Sometimes, a thorough cleaning is enough to remove minor surface rust.
Supplies: Gun cleaning solvent or lubricant, soft cloths (cotton or microfiber), a bore brush, and a cleaning rod.
Steps:
a. Disassemble the firearm as much as is safe and practical.
b. Spray or apply gun cleaning solvent to the affected areas.
c. Use a soft cloth or brush to gently scrub the rust. For the barrel, use a bore brush with the cleaning rod.
d. Wipe the cleaned areas thoroughly with a clean cloth to remove any remaining rust or solvent.
e. Re-lubricate the cleaned areas with a quality gun oil or lubricant.
Fine Steel Wool or Bronze Wool with Oil
This is another method that is effective for light rust.
Supplies: Fine-grade steel wool or bronze wool (bronze is softer and less likely to scratch), gun oil (or a penetrating oil like Break Free CLP).
Steps:
a. Apply a generous amount of oil to the rusty areas.
b. Gently rub the rusty areas with the steel wool or bronze wool. Work in the direction of the grain of the metal if possible to avoid scratches.
c. Wipe away the oil and any loosened rust.
d. Reapply oil to protect the metal.
Stepping Up the Fight
When the rust is more pervasive, the previous methods might not suffice. In these cases, more aggressive, yet still manageable, techniques are needed.
Chemical Rust Removers
These are specially formulated solutions that dissolve rust through chemical reactions.
Supplies: Commercially available rust removers (follow the manufacturer’s instructions), a suitable container, protective gloves, and eye protection.
Steps:
a. Carefully read and understand the safety precautions and instructions provided with the rust remover.
b. Immerse the rusty parts in the remover or apply it using a brush or swab.
c. Allow the remover to sit for the recommended time.
d. Rinse the parts thoroughly with water to remove all traces of the remover.
e. Neutralize the treated parts according to the instructions.
f. Dry the parts completely.
g. Apply a protective coating, such as gun oil.
Vinegar Soak
Household vinegar (acetic acid) can also remove rust, though you must be careful with this method.
Supplies: White vinegar, water, a container large enough to submerge the rusted parts, soft cloths, and gun oil.
Steps:
a. Mix a solution of vinegar and water (a 1:1 ratio is a good starting point).
b. Submerge the rusted part or brush the solution onto the affected areas.
c. Monitor the process closely. The rust should start to dissolve within minutes to hours, depending on the severity.
d. Remove the part from the vinegar solution once the rust is gone.
e. Thoroughly rinse the part with clean water to remove any vinegar residue.
f. Dry the part completely.
g. Immediately apply gun oil or a rust preventative.
Evapo-Rust
A safer, eco-friendly alternative, Evapo-Rust is a non-toxic rust remover that’s a popular choice.
Supplies: Evapo-Rust, a plastic container, and water.
Steps:
a. Place the rusted gun parts into a container.
b. Pour Evapo-Rust solution into the container covering the rusted parts. Make sure the parts are fully submerged.
c. Let the parts sit in the solution. Follow the manufacture’s recommendations.
d. Remove the gun parts from the solution.
e. Rinse the parts.
f. Dry and apply oil.
When the Rust Runs Deep
For heavily rusted firearms, or when simpler methods have failed, more specialized techniques are needed.
Electrolysis
This method uses an electrical current to remove rust through an electrochemical process.
Supplies: A non-conductive container (plastic bin), baking soda, water, a sacrificial piece of steel (the anode – must be made of steel and larger than the gun part), and a battery charger (or a power supply capable of delivering DC voltage).
Steps:
a. Fill the container with water and add baking soda (about one tablespoon per gallon of water).
b. Place the sacrificial piece of steel in the water, ensuring it does not touch the gun parts.
c. Suspend the rusty gun part in the solution, ensuring it also does not touch the sacrificial steel.
d. Connect the positive (+) lead of the battery charger to the sacrificial steel (the anode).
e. Connect the negative (-) lead of the battery charger to the gun part (the cathode).
f. Turn on the battery charger and allow the electrolysis process to continue. The time will vary, but it can take several hours. Monitor the process closely, as it will start to bubble when working.
g. Once the rust is removed, remove the parts.
h. Rinse the gun parts thoroughly with water.
i. Dry the gun parts completely.
j. Immediately apply gun oil or a rust preventative.
Media Blasting
This process uses abrasive particles (like sand, glass beads, or walnut shells) propelled by compressed air to remove rust.
Supplies: Media blaster, abrasive media, safety gear (respirator, gloves, eye protection, hearing protection).
Steps:
a. Properly prepare the firearm. Disassemble and tape off any areas you don’t want to be blasted.
b. Select the appropriate abrasive media based on the firearm’s metal and desired finish.
c. Set up the media blaster according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
d. Carefully blast the rusty areas with the media, maintaining a consistent distance and angle.
e. Clean off any residual media.
f. Reassemble the firearm.
g. Apply a protective coating.
Professional Gunsmith
For severely rusted firearms, or if you are unsure about attempting any of these methods, consulting a gunsmith is the best course of action. They have the expertise and equipment to handle complex rust removal and restoration tasks.
Keeping Your Firearms Protected
Removing rust is only half the battle. Preventing its return is crucial to preserving your firearms.
Lubrication is Key
Regular lubrication is one of the most important preventative measures. Apply a quality gun oil or protectant to all metal surfaces, especially after cleaning or exposing the gun to moisture. This creates a barrier against moisture and oxygen. Choose the right lubricant for your needs: CLP (Clean, Lubricate, Protect) products are versatile. Other lubricants are optimized for specific purposes, like high-temperature resistance.
Applying Protective Coatings
After rust removal, consider applying a protective coating to the metal surfaces. This adds an extra layer of defense against rust. Options include:
Bluing: A traditional method that creates a black or blue finish through a controlled oxidation process.
Parkerizing: A phosphate coating that provides excellent corrosion resistance and a matte finish.
Cerakote: A ceramic-based coating that is extremely durable and offers superior protection against rust, scratches, and chemicals.
Storage
Proper storage is vital.
Climate-Controlled: Store your firearms in a climate-controlled environment, away from extreme temperatures and humidity fluctuations.
Dry Conditions: Keep firearms in a dry place. Use desiccant packs in gun safes or storage containers to absorb moisture.
Gun Safes: Secure firearms in gun safes to deter theft and further protect them from the elements.
Vigilance and Care
Rust is a constant threat to firearms, but it is a threat that can be managed and even defeated. Through knowledge, diligence, and consistent maintenance, you can protect your firearms from rust and keep them in peak condition for years to come. Remember, the key to rust prevention is vigilance. Regularly inspect your firearms for any signs of rust, and address any issues promptly. Your diligence will be rewarded with firearms that function reliably, look their best, and provide years of service.
The Responsibility of Firearm Ownership
Successfully removing rust from a gun is a combination of understanding the methods, taking precautions, and following up with preventative maintenance. By utilizing the techniques and tips in this guide, you can equip yourself to properly care for your firearms and preserve them for generations to come. Always remember the importance of safe handling and proper storage to maintain the longevity and condition of your guns. Embrace the responsibility of firearm ownership, and your guns will be well-cared for.
