What is an AR-15 Side Charging Bolt?
Before getting into the specifics, let’s define what exactly we’re discussing. The “bolt” in an AR-15 refers to the bolt carrier group (BCG). This crucial assembly houses the bolt itself, which locks into the barrel extension, and the carrier, which houses the bolt and facilitates its movement. The BCG handles the feeding, chambering, firing, extraction, and ejection of spent cartridges.
A standard AR-15 features a charging handle located at the rear of the upper receiver, above the stock. This charging handle reciprocates in line with the barrel. Pulling this handle back manually loads the first round into the chamber, allows for immediate unloading, and allows for cycling the bolt.
A side charging bolt, on the other hand, relocates the manual charging mechanism to the side of the upper receiver. The handle, which could be a lever, a knob, or a reciprocating handle, is typically positioned on the left or right side, offering an alternative to the rear-mounted charging handle. This change has led to interesting advantages that make it a compelling option.
Advantages of an AR-15 Side Charging Bolt
The shift towards side charging bolts is driven by a number of potential benefits, primarily relating to ergonomics, enhanced functionality, and tactical advantages.
One of the most significant advantages lies in improved ergonomics. A side charging handle provides a more natural and accessible charging motion. The shooter can manipulate the charging handle without needing to significantly adjust their firing grip. This is especially useful when clearing malfunctions or performing a chamber check. For right-handed shooters, a left-side charging handle allows the support hand to manage the charging function while the dominant hand maintains control of the pistol grip and trigger. The same logic applies to left-handed shooters who can benefit from a right-side mounted charging handle.
This ergonomic advantage extends to compatibility with optics. Traditional charging handles can sometimes interfere with the placement of larger scopes, red dot sights, and other optic systems, which can be problematic when trying to acquire a sight picture quickly. A side charging handle mitigates this potential interference. The relocation of the charging handle to the side opens up more real estate on top of the receiver for a cleaner, less obstructed view through your chosen optic.
Further, a side charging system can potentially facilitate faster reloads and tactical procedures. For instance, if the firearm experiences a malfunction, the user can often cycle the action more quickly with a side charging handle, without changing their grip. The immediate access can provide a critical advantage in a stressful situation. This can be particularly important during dynamic shooting situations, competition, or combat scenarios where every second counts. The reduced movement to perform a chamber check and charging is advantageous.
Beyond functional improvements, side charging systems also offer aesthetic appeal. Many shooters are drawn to the unique look and feel of a side charging AR-15. The ability to customize the handle itself provides a further level of personalization, allowing owners to build a rifle that suits their style and preferences.
Disadvantages of an AR-15 Side Charging Bolt
While an AR-15 side charging bolt offers distinct advantages, it’s crucial to be aware of potential drawbacks. It’s important to weigh these carefully before making a decision.
Increased complexity is a potential concern. Some side charging systems incorporate more moving parts than a standard AR-15 charging handle, and this can lead to more potential points of failure. This added complexity may require more careful maintenance and potentially more frequent inspections to ensure optimal functionality.
The design and quality of side charging bolts can significantly affect their reliability and durability. Some manufacturers use materials and designs that may be less robust than the components in a standard AR-15. This can lead to premature wear, breakage, and potential malfunctions under heavy use. It’s extremely important to research manufacturers and select parts from reputable brands known for their quality and attention to detail.
Cost can also be a barrier. Generally, side charging systems are more expensive than standard charging handles. This price difference reflects the added engineering, manufacturing complexity, and potentially higher-quality components used in their construction. If you’re on a budget, you might need to prioritize other upgrades.
Finally, compatibility can be a factor. Some side charging systems require specific upper receivers or modifications to the existing upper receiver. This adds to the overall cost and complexity. You need to ensure that the side charging system is compatible with your existing AR-15 components, including the upper receiver, bolt carrier group, and any other accessories you have installed. Understanding compatibility is critical to avoiding disappointment and frustration.
Types of AR-15 Side Charging Bolt Systems
The market offers several distinct approaches to the AR-15 side charging bolt design, each with its own set of features, benefits, and drawbacks. Understanding these variations will help you identify the ideal solution for your needs.
Integrated systems are a complete, dedicated solution. These systems utilize an upper receiver specifically designed to incorporate a side charging mechanism. This integration often results in a more streamlined and aesthetically pleasing design. The charging handle is usually built directly into the upper receiver, providing a robust and reliable system. However, the downside is that you must purchase a new upper receiver, which is a more significant financial investment. These systems are often manufactured by well-known companies that are dedicated to building high-quality products and have built up great reputations for design.
Drop-in side charging bolt carriers provide a simpler route for installing a side charging system. You purchase a bolt carrier group that incorporates a side charging handle. You simply remove your existing BCG, install the new one, and you’re ready to go. The advantage here is ease of installation; there’s no need to modify the upper receiver. However, these systems are more limited in terms of design options. You need to make sure the BCG is built to a high standard, as the entire bolt carrier group is a vital component to the rifle’s function. You’ll want to verify the material properties as well as the manufacturing techniques.
Hybrid systems attempt to provide a compromise between the other two approaches. These systems typically involve an adapter that is attached to an existing upper receiver. This adapter provides the side charging functionality. They are usually the most economical option because they don’t require purchasing a completely new upper receiver or a new BCG. However, the reliability and durability of these systems can vary. It’s crucial to select a reputable manufacturer, ensuring the adapter is constructed from high-quality materials and properly fitted to your receiver.
Each of these system types present certain considerations for choosing the right one. The integrated systems often offer the best balance of performance and appearance, but the cost will be higher. The drop-in bolt carriers offer a good balance of simplicity and performance. The hybrid systems offer the most affordability but will often require more research to ensure the product meets your expectations.
Choosing the Right AR-15 Side Charging Bolt
Selecting the best side charging bolt for your AR-15 is a matter of careful consideration. A good starting point is to thoroughly assess your individual needs and requirements.
Your budget plays a significant role in the decision-making process. Side charging systems vary widely in price. Setting a clear budget will help you narrow down your options and focus on systems that fit your financial constraints.
The intended use of your rifle is another crucial factor. If you are planning on using your AR-15 for competition shooting, the ergonomics and speed advantages of a side charging system may be a high priority. If the rifle will be used for recreational target shooting, you may have different priorities, such as aesthetics and ease of installation. If you intend to use your AR-15 for tactical applications, the side charging system needs to be built to a high level of reliability and durability.
Your dominant hand and shooting style should influence your decision. A side charging handle can be positioned on either the left or right side of the receiver. A left-side charging handle is often preferred by right-handed shooters, while a right-side charging handle is usually favored by left-handed shooters.
Reliability and the manufacturer’s reputation are key. Research the manufacturers thoroughly. Look for customer reviews, industry ratings, and information about the manufacturer’s warranty. This can help you make an informed decision about choosing a product from a reputable brand.
Compatibility with your current AR-15 components is paramount. Verify that the chosen side charging system is compatible with your upper receiver, lower receiver, bolt carrier group, and any other accessories that you have installed. If you don’t do this, you run the risk of having parts that don’t fit or function correctly.
Installation and Maintenance
The installation process varies depending on the type of side charging system you choose. Integrated systems often require a more extensive installation, involving removal of the existing upper receiver and installation of the new system. Drop-in bolt carriers are usually the easiest to install, involving only the replacement of the BCG. Hybrid systems typically involve the attachment of an adapter to the existing upper receiver.
You’ll need certain tools depending on the system. You’ll need tools like a punch set, an AR-15 armorer’s wrench, and potentially a vise. Be sure to have the necessary tools on hand before you start the process. If you’re not comfortable performing the installation yourself, consider seeking assistance from a qualified gunsmith.
Maintenance is critical to ensure the long life and reliable performance of your AR-15 side charging bolt. Regularly lubricate the moving parts of the charging handle and BCG with a high-quality gun oil or lubricant. Clean your rifle after each shooting session, removing any dirt, debris, or unburnt powder. Pay close attention to the charging handle itself, as well as the bolt carrier group. Inspect the charging handle and the BCG for any signs of wear, damage, or malfunctions. Address any issues promptly to prevent more serious problems.
Safety Considerations
Firearm safety is paramount. Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded. Follow the four basic rules of firearm safety:
- Always point the muzzle in a safe direction.
- Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to fire.
- Be sure of your target and what is beyond it.
- Never handle a firearm when under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
Proper handling and storage are essential. Store your AR-15 securely, unloaded, and out of reach of unauthorized individuals. Always follow local, state, and federal laws and regulations regarding firearm ownership, storage, and use.
Conclusion
The AR-15 side charging bolt offers a compelling alternative to the traditional charging handle, providing potential ergonomic benefits, compatibility with optics, and improved functionality. While the advantages are significant, you should carefully consider the potential drawbacks, including increased complexity, cost, and compatibility issues.
To choose the best side charging bolt, assess your budget, the intended use of your rifle, your dominant hand, and the manufacturer’s reputation. Thorough research and thoughtful consideration are essential to selecting the right system. By following these guidelines, you can equip your AR-15 with a side charging bolt that enhances your shooting experience, improves your performance, and helps you get the most out of your modern sporting rifle.
