Understanding the Beast and What It Requires
The mighty 45-70. The name itself evokes images of the Old West, of bison hunts, and of legendary lever-action rifles. This cartridge, a true icon of American firearms history, has remained popular for good reason: its devastating power and versatility. But the 45-70 isn’t just a piece of history; it’s a force to be reckoned with on the range and in the hunting fields today. To truly unlock the potential of your 45-70, you need more than just a good rifle; you need the right optic. Choosing the best optic for 45-70 can be a complex decision, given the variety of options and the unique demands this cartridge places on a scope or sight. This article will serve as your guide, providing you with the knowledge you need to equip your 45-70 with the perfect optic, maximizing your accuracy and enjoyment.
Before diving into optic choices, it’s essential to understand the specific challenges posed by the 45-70. This cartridge is known for its significant recoil. This potent push demands optics that can withstand the punishment without losing zero or malfunctioning. Furthermore, the 45-70 is typically used for hunting at ranges varying from close quarters to medium distance. This influences magnification requirements, as well as the need for a clear sight picture.
The 45-70’s effective range, while capable of impressive distances, is often best utilized within 100 to 300 yards for hunting purposes. This, again, informs the choice of optic. The most popular uses for the 45-70 include hunting large game such as deer, elk, and even bear. It also sees action in Cowboy Action Shooting events and can be enjoyed at the range for recreational target shooting.
Magnification is a key factor. While high magnification is sometimes desired for long-range shooting, it’s not always necessary or even helpful for the typical applications of the 45-70. Hunting in thick timber or brush often requires a low-magnification optic, perhaps a 1x or 2x, to allow for quick target acquisition and a wide field of view. On the other hand, if you intend to take shots at further distances, a scope with a higher magnification range, say 3-9x or even 4-12x, might be preferable.
Exploring Optic Types for the 45-70
When choosing the best optic for 45-70, several types of sights are available, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these options is the first step in the selection process.
Rifle Scopes: Precision at a Distance
Rifle scopes are the traditional choice for many shooters, and for good reason. They offer magnification, allowing for increased precision at longer ranges. They often feature reticles, such as duplex or BDC (bullet drop compensation) reticles, that can help with holdover calculations.
Scopes are particularly useful when hunting open areas or when taking longer-range shots. However, they also come with considerations. As mentioned previously, durability is paramount, and a scope must be able to withstand the 45-70’s considerable recoil. Eye relief – the distance between your eye and the scope’s eyepiece – is equally important. Insufficient eye relief can lead to the scope impacting your eye during recoil, a painful and potentially dangerous situation. Quality scopes typically feature a generous eye relief to mitigate this issue. Furthermore, the clarity of the glass is also important, especially in low-light hunting situations.
Red Dot Sights: Speed and Simplicity
Red dot sights offer a different approach to sighting. Instead of magnification, they use a red dot reticle that is projected onto the lens. The primary advantage of a red dot sight is its speed. The shooter simply needs to center the dot on the target to achieve an accurate shot. This makes red dots ideal for close- to medium-range shooting and situations where fast target acquisition is critical, such as in brushy terrain or during a quick follow-up shot.
While red dots are generally not suitable for extremely long-range shooting, they can be highly effective on a 45-70 for hunting at distances within 150 yards. Considerations include battery life, reticle size, and durability. A rugged, waterproof red dot sight is a good investment for use with a 45-70, protecting against harsh environmental conditions.
Iron Sights: A Classic Choice
Iron sights, the original sighting system, consist of a front sight and a rear sight. Many consider them a classic, proven option. They require no batteries or complex adjustments and are extremely reliable. Some individuals may still want to make the most of iron sights because they are easy to master.
Iron sights have limitations. Target acquisition can be slower than with a red dot or scope, and accuracy can be compromised at longer ranges. However, in the hands of a skilled shooter, iron sights can be surprisingly effective. The choice between iron sights and a more advanced optic often comes down to personal preference, shooting style, and the intended application of the rifle.
Essential Features for the Best Optic for 45-70
The specific features of an optic are as important as the type of optic itself, particularly with a heavy-recoiling cartridge like the 45-70.
Durability: Built to Endure
Durability is arguably the most critical factor. The best optic for 45-70 has to withstand significant recoil forces. The optic must be built with high-quality materials and design principles. Look for scopes or sights that are constructed from aircraft-grade aluminum or other durable alloys.
Shock resistance is crucial. The optic should be able to withstand repeated impacts without losing zero or sustaining damage. Water resistance and fog proofing are also desirable features, especially if you plan to hunt in wet or humid conditions.
Eye Relief: Protecting Your Eye
Generous eye relief is a non-negotiable requirement. The 45-70’s recoil can push the rifle back with significant force, and a scope or sight with insufficient eye relief can result in the optic hitting the shooter’s eye.
It’s recommended to select an optic with at least 3.5 inches of eye relief or more. Even a small difference in eye relief can make a big difference in comfort and safety. When mounting the optic, ensure that you position it far enough forward to allow for proper eye relief.
Magnification: Finding the Right Balance
The ideal magnification for your 45-70 optic depends largely on the intended use. For close-range hunting, a low-power scope (1-4x) or a red dot sight may be sufficient. This will provide a wide field of view and allow for quick target acquisition. For hunting at moderate ranges, a scope with a magnification range of 2-7x or 3-9x is often ideal. This provides enough magnification to see the target clearly while still maintaining a reasonable field of view. If you anticipate taking shots at longer distances, a scope with a magnification range of 4-12x or even higher could be considered. However, remember that higher magnification comes with a narrower field of view and can sometimes make it more challenging to acquire a target quickly.
Reticle Type: Aiming with Precision
The reticle, or the aiming pattern within the optic, plays a critical role in accuracy. There are several different reticle types available, each with its advantages. A standard duplex reticle (a thick post that tapers to a fine crosshair) is simple, effective, and easy to use in a variety of situations.
A BDC (bullet drop compensation) reticle is another option that includes markings to compensate for bullet drop at various ranges. This type of reticle can be helpful for longer-range shooting, but it does require some familiarity and practice.
Illuminated reticles can be very useful in low-light conditions. The illuminated reticle provides a clear aiming point against the dark background, improving target acquisition.
Objective Lens Size: Gathering Light
The objective lens is the front lens of the optic. The size of the objective lens affects the amount of light that the optic can gather. A larger objective lens generally gathers more light, which can result in a brighter and clearer image, particularly in low-light conditions. The size of the objective lens also influences the overall size and weight of the optic. The 45-70, often used in low-light hunting situations, will benefit from an optic with a larger objective lens, such as a 40mm or 50mm. However, this may not be necessary for a red dot sight.
Optic Recommendations: Selecting Your Weapon
Here are some specific examples to guide your selection, focusing on different types of optics and hunting scenarios. These recommendations are based on reputation, features, and real-world experiences, and while the best optic for 45-70 is a subjective choice, these are excellent starting points.
Scope Suggestions:
A scope that is frequently recommended is the Leupold VX-Freedom 3-9×40. Known for its excellent optical quality, durability, and generous eye relief, this scope is an excellent all-around choice for the 45-70. Leupold’s reputation for quality and its lifetime warranty make it a great investment.
Another option is the Vortex Crossfire II 2-7×32. This scope offers excellent value for the money, with good clarity, rugged construction, and a lifetime warranty. The 2-7x magnification range is ideal for a variety of hunting situations.
Red Dot Sight Recommendations:
For a red dot sight, the Aimpoint Micro H-2 is a top-tier choice. Known for its extreme durability, long battery life, and ease of use, the Aimpoint Micro H-2 is a premium sight. Its small size and low weight also make it an ideal choice for the 45-70.
Another cost-effective option is the Sig Sauer Romeo5. This red dot sight is a good quality product and a much friendlier price, with a long battery life and reliable performance.
Mounting and Preparation
Choosing the right mount is an important step. Different types of mounts exist, and the mount you select will depend on your rifle’s receiver type, and your preferred height over bore. Ensure that the mount is strong enough to withstand the 45-70’s recoil.
Carefully follow the manufacturer’s instructions when mounting your optic. Improper mounting can cause damage to the optic, as well as impact accuracy. Ensure the scope is properly aligned and tightened to the correct torque specifications.
Caring for Your New Optic
Your new optic is an investment, and like any piece of quality equipment, it will require some maintenance.
Regularly clean the lenses with a soft cloth and lens cleaning solution. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as they can damage the lens coatings. Store your optic in a safe place when not in use, protecting it from the elements and physical impacts.
Conclusion: Securing the Perfect View
The 45-70 is a remarkable cartridge, and to maximize its potential, you must choose the right optic. The best optic for 45-70 is the one that best suits your specific hunting needs, your shooting style, and the environment in which you will be shooting.
By carefully considering the factors outlined, you can select an optic that will provide you with years of reliable service and enjoyable shooting. Remember to prioritize durability, eye relief, and the appropriate magnification range. With the right optic in place, your 45-70 will be ready to take on any challenge. So, equip your rifle, sight in your optic, and get ready for an unforgettable experience.
