A Glimpse into the Past of Exposed Hammer Shotguns
Origins and Development
The early days of firearms were a testament to ingenuity and a practical approach to design. Exposed hammer shotguns emerged as a solution to the functional requirements of the time. Initial designs prioritized simplicity and ease of use. The exposed hammer mechanism, readily accessible and easily understood, aligned perfectly with these priorities.
Early makers, such as those in England and later across Europe and America, quickly adopted this design. The exposed hammer facilitated quick visual inspection of the gun’s status, a significant safety advantage in an era when accidental discharges were a greater concern. Furthermore, the exposed hammer design allowed for easier access for maintenance and repair, crucial in an age without specialized gunsmithing tools and ubiquitous replacement parts. These early models were often beautifully crafted, reflecting the skill of the gunsmiths who built them, and represented the zenith of the craft at the time.
The Golden Age
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries witnessed the rise of the exposed hammer shotgun’s golden age. It was the hunting weapon of choice for countless hunters. The simple yet robust design meant that it was extremely reliable. From upland game to waterfowl, the side by side served its purpose. For many, the exposed hammer became synonymous with sporting life and a symbol of heritage and tradition.
Names like Westley Richards, a renowned British gunmaker, became legendary, setting standards for quality, craftsmanship, and elegance. Parker Brothers, in America, was another major contributor. Their designs remain highly sought-after by collectors. These manufacturers and their contemporaries, through meticulous attention to detail, defined the pinnacle of exposed hammer shotgun design. Their shotguns featured meticulously crafted actions, engraved receivers, and beautifully figured stocks.
Decline and Changing Preferences
However, as technology progressed and the needs of consumers changed, the popularity of exposed hammer shotguns began to wane. The hammerless designs that emerged were perceived as safer and easier to operate. The streamlined appearance of hammerless designs and the adoption of automatic ejection systems, offered consumers a more modernized experience. Additionally, the complexity of manufacturing exposed hammer shotguns meant that production costs were often higher than their hammerless counterparts.
Understanding the Mechanics and Design
How They Work
At its core, an exposed hammer side by side shotgun relies on a simple, yet effective, firing mechanism. The exposed hammers, mounted on either side of the receiver, are manually cocked, typically by pulling them rearward. The action of pulling the hammer compresses the internal springs. When the trigger is pulled, the hammer is released, striking the firing pin. The firing pin then strikes the primer of the shotgun shell. The primer ignites, initiating the firing process.
Key Components and their Functions
These designs have several key components. The barrels house the projectiles and direct the shot downrange. The action, the core of the firearm, houses the firing mechanism and allows for the loading and unloading of shells. The trigger mechanism releases the hammer, causing the gun to fire. Extractors and ejectors remove and eject spent shells. The stock and forend are the wooden portions that allow for handling and aiming.
Variations in Design
Several variations exist within the exposed hammer side by side designs. These include the type of action used. The boxlock action, known for its simplicity and durability, involves a relatively straightforward design where the firing mechanism is housed within the receiver. The sidelock action, often associated with higher-end shotguns, features the firing mechanism mounted on sideplates. Sidelocks can offer greater elegance and allow for more intricate internal mechanisms.
Variations in trigger design are common, with many having double triggers, with one trigger dedicated to each barrel. This allows the shooter to select which barrel to fire first. Another design is a single trigger that allows the shooter to select which barrel to fire first. This system often incorporates an inertial system to cycle the barrels, improving speed of operation.
The Perks of Owning Exposed Hammer Shotguns
Aesthetics and Classic Appeal
Exposed hammer shotguns hold an intrinsic appeal, one that extends beyond their functional capabilities. Their visual character and distinctive appearance set them apart. The sight of polished steel, hand-cut checkering, and the graceful lines of an exposed hammer shotgun evoke a sense of classic style. Many appreciate the craftsmanship that went into each shotgun.
Safety and Reliability (perceived and actual)
Safety, both perceived and actual, is a key selling point. The visible state of the hammer provides instant confirmation of the gun’s status. A hunter or shooter can immediately verify whether the gun is cocked or uncocked. Many exposed hammer shotguns also incorporate a safety lever. This lever, when engaged, blocks the movement of the hammer, preventing accidental firing. It’s important to note that safe gun handling remains paramount regardless of the design.
Potential for Customization and Craftsmanship
These shotguns often feature hand-engraved receivers and custom-fitted stocks, all contributing to their value. Because of the mechanics of the design, it is highly possible to customize the firearms. Custom-built shotguns and the ability to personalize their appearance have become a hallmark of the luxury market.
Examining the Drawbacks
Safety Concerns
Despite their appeal, exposed hammer shotguns do have potential drawbacks. One concern is the potential for accidental discharge. If a hammer is inadvertently bumped or if the safety mechanism is not engaged, it could potentially fire. Responsible gun owners will always prioritize safe gun handling to mitigate this risk.
Slower Reloading and Cocking
Compared to modern hammerless shotguns, reloading and cocking an exposed hammer shotgun is slower. Cocking the hammers manually after each shot and during reloading takes time. This may be a factor in some shooting disciplines, where rapid follow-up shots are crucial.
Maintenance Considerations
Regular care and maintenance are also essential. Exposed hammer shotguns require proper cleaning, lubrication, and inspection. Ensuring the proper functioning of the action and the safety mechanisms requires diligence.
Exposed Hammer Shotguns Today
Current Market and Availability
While the golden age of exposed hammer side by side shotguns may be in the past, these shotguns still have their place in the modern world. Many people appreciate the unique charm of the exposed hammer shotgun. In the modern firearms market, they are considered a niche market.
Modern Manufacturers and Models
Many surviving models now are valuable collector’s items. The value of a specific shotgun depends on its manufacturer, rarity, condition, and any special features. Expert appraisals and historical research are crucial to determining a shotgun’s true value. Factors like the quality of the engraving, the figure of the wood used in the stock, and the overall condition all contribute to determining the value.
Though original production numbers have waned, some manufacturers and custom gunmakers still produce these shotguns. These are often handcrafted and made to order, reflecting a continued demand for high-quality, traditional firearms.
Selecting and Using an Exposed Hammer Shotgun
Things to Consider Before Buying
Before purchasing an exposed hammer shotgun, careful consideration is necessary. Aspects to take into account are the gauge of the shotgun, barrel length, and choke of the firearm. Inspecting the overall condition of the gun for wear and tear, rust, or mechanical issues is essential. Setting a budget will guide your search.
Safe Handling and Operation
Intended use is another important factor. Collectors often look for original condition or rare examples. Hunters might favor a certain gauge or barrel length.
Safe handling is a non-negotiable requirement for anyone who owns an exposed hammer shotgun. Always point the gun in a safe direction. Always treat the gun as if it were loaded. Proper cocking, loading, and unloading procedures are essential to ensure safety. When storing the firearm, ensure it is unloaded and stored in a secure location. Routine cleaning and lubrication will keep the gun in optimal condition.
Conclusion
The exposed hammer side by side shotgun is much more than a firearm. It is a tangible link to the past, a symbol of craftsmanship, and a testament to a time when form and function were intertwined. The design has captivated generations of enthusiasts. While it may not be the right choice for every shooter, the unique charm and enduring appeal of the exposed hammer side by side shotgun continue to resonate with those who appreciate the beauty and heritage of classic firearms.
We encourage those who find value in the history of the shotgun to take the time to learn more about these iconic firearms. Consider exploring the historical context of the models. Share your experiences and insights to ensure this beautiful design continues to survive.
