Safety First!
Importance of Firearm Safety
The lever action rifle, a symbol of the American frontier and a cornerstone of firearm history, remains a beloved and practical choice for shooters today. Its iconic design, reliable operation, and inherent accuracy have earned it a place in history and a continued presence in hunting blinds, target ranges, and the collections of firearm enthusiasts. Understanding how to properly maintain this classic firearm is essential for preserving its functionality and ensuring its safe operation. This guide provides a detailed, step-by-step explanation on how to break down lever action rifle models, enabling you to clean, inspect, and maintain this enduring piece of weaponry.
Unloading the Rifle
Safety is, of course, paramount when handling any firearm. Before undertaking any disassembly, it is crucial to establish and adhere to a strict set of safety procedures. Handle every firearm as if it is always loaded. Always point the muzzle in a safe direction, away from yourself and anyone else. Never place your finger on the trigger unless you intend to shoot. Be absolutely certain the firearm is unloaded before commencing the breakdown process. This means verifying that the chamber and magazine tube are empty.
Preparing the Rifle for Disassembly
Initial Steps
To begin, ensure that your lever action rifle is unloaded. This involves visually inspecting the chamber and magazine tube to confirm the absence of any live ammunition. Next, cycle the lever action repeatedly to eject any rounds that may have been inadvertently left in the action. Once you are absolutely certain that the rifle is unloaded, you can proceed with the disassembly process. The safety of yourself and those around you is of utmost importance; do not begin this process until you have confirmed that the rifle is indeed unloaded.
Tools and Materials
Before you begin the breakdown, gather the necessary tools and materials. You will need a cleaning rod with appropriate attachments, gun cleaning solvent, gun oil, cleaning patches of various sizes, a soft-bristled brush (such as a toothbrush), and a small screwdriver or other tools (depending on your specific lever action rifle model). A clean workspace and a well-lit area are also essential. The specific tools and procedures may vary slightly depending on the particular make and model of your lever action rifle, for example, Winchester, Marlin, or Henry. Refer to the manufacturer’s manual, if available, for the specific recommendations for your firearm.
Common Features and Variations
The lever action rifle boasts a range of iconic elements that are easily identifiable. Key features generally include the loading gate, the lever itself, the bolt, the trigger, the hammer, and the barrel. Familiarizing yourself with the locations and functions of these components is a good first step before commencing the process of breaking the rifle down.
Step-by-Step Disassembly
Opening the Lever
Beginning the Disassembly: Cocking and Setting the Stage
The first step in field stripping is typically opening the lever. This often involves pulling the lever down fully to cock the hammer. This action prepares the rifle for the next stage of disassembly. Verify the action is clear.
Disassembly of the Bolt
Delving Deeper: Disassembly of the Bolt
The bolt is a critical component of the lever action rifle, housing the firing pin and other mechanisms vital for cartridge ignition and ejection. The procedure to remove the bolt will vary depending on the make and model. Some lever actions have retaining screws or pins. If so, you’ll need the appropriate screwdriver or punch. Carefully remove any screws or pins that secure the bolt. Gently manipulate the bolt from the receiver, taking care not to damage any of the internal components. Note the orientation of any small parts and springs. Keeping track of small parts is essential to ensure everything is reassembled correctly.
Handling the bolt components requires attention. The firing pin and extractor are often contained within the bolt body. Do not disassemble the bolt further than necessary. If the bolt requires more extensive disassembly due to a malfunction, consult a professional gunsmith.
Trigger Assembly Removal (If Possible)
Trigger Assembly Removal (If Possible)
Some lever action rifle models allow for the removal of the trigger assembly. This component is best removed once the bolt has been removed, which generally increases accessibility. Again, the method will vary according to the manufacturer and the model. Observe how the trigger assembly is secured, carefully removing any pins or screws. Gently lift the trigger assembly from the receiver, taking care to not damage any other internal components.
Lever and Linkage Manipulation
Lever and Linkage Manipulation
In some models, specifically certain Winchester and Marlin variants, it may be possible to further disassemble the linkage that connects the lever to the bolt. This process can aid in cleaning the internal workings of the rifle. If your model allows this, take care to carefully note how the lever and related linkage are connected. The lever is often attached by a pin, and its removal is usually straightforward.
Understanding and working with the lever linkage mechanism demands a careful touch. Taking photos or sketching the layout of parts can be helpful for reassembly later.
Removing the Lever Itself
Removing the Lever Itself
In some scenarios, removal of the lever itself might be a part of the maintenance routine. This may facilitate the cleaning of other components. Disconnecting the lever mechanism can require care. If it can be done, be mindful of how it attaches to the rest of the rifle. This procedure may not apply to all models. If possible, study the mechanism carefully before attempting to take it apart.
Other Components: A Deeper Dive
Other Components: A Deeper Dive
Depending on the specific lever action rifle model, there may be other components that are accessible for cleaning during the field stripping process. This could include components like the magazine tube and its associated follower and spring. Carefully examine the rifle to identify these other areas where grime and residue may accumulate. These additional components can be cleaned by methods similar to those used for the main internal parts, but again, taking meticulous notes during the disassembly process. The barrel is a very important component to clean and maintain.
Take-Down Models
Some models offer the advantage of a take-down feature. Take-down rifles are designed to be easily separated into two or three main components for convenient transportation or storage. Consult the owner’s manual, which will provide step-by-step instructions.
Cleaning the Components
Cleaning the Barrel
Cleaning the rifle is a crucial stage of the process. Begin by cleaning the barrel. Secure the rifle and run a cleaning rod with a bore brush through the barrel from the breech (rear) to the muzzle (front). Never reverse the direction once the brush is inserted to avoid damage to the crown. Next, wet a cleaning patch with gun cleaning solvent and pass it through the barrel. Repeat this process, using fresh patches, until the patches come out clean. This will remove powder residue, copper fouling, and other contaminants that affect accuracy.
Cleaning the Bolt and Other Parts
The bolt and other disassembled components should be thoroughly cleaned. Soak the parts in cleaning solvent and use a soft-bristled brush to remove carbon buildup and other debris. Pay attention to the firing pin and extractor, ensuring they function freely. Once the parts are clean, dry them thoroughly.
Cleaning the Receiver and Internal Components
Cleaning the receiver and internal components requires patience and care. Use a brush and cleaning solvent to remove any dirt or grime from the receiver. Pay particular attention to the areas where the bolt slides and the hammer mechanism operates. Avoid excessive amounts of solvent, as this can potentially remove protective coatings.
Lubrication
Once the rifle is clean, it’s time to lubricate the necessary parts. Apply gun oil to the bolt rails, hammer, trigger assembly, and other moving parts. Use a small amount of oil, and wipe off any excess. Over-lubrication can attract dirt and debris, which can hinder the rifle’s operation.
Reassembly
Reassembly Steps
Reassembly is the next critical stage. This should be carried out in the reverse order of the disassembly process. Refer to your notes or photographs to ensure that all parts are correctly oriented. Start with the bolt assembly, carefully aligning it within the receiver. Secure any screws or pins that hold the bolt in place.
Carefully reassemble the trigger assembly. Once everything is back in its original position, test the trigger to ensure it functions properly.
Reassemble the lever and linkage. When you reassemble, refer to the photographs you took during the disassembly to verify how all of the parts fit together.
Other components should be reassembled, paying careful attention to the order and position of all parts. Ensure the magazine tube spring and follower are properly reinstalled.
Safety Check
Before taking the rifle to the range, it is essential to perform a safety check and functional test. First, cycle the lever action several times to ensure the action cycles smoothly and the bolt closes completely. Inspect the chamber to ensure the rifle is unloaded. Then, test the trigger and the safety to make certain they function correctly. Dry fire the rifle (on an empty chamber, of course) to confirm that the hammer strikes the firing pin.
Troubleshooting
Common Issues
If, after reassembly, the rifle fails to operate correctly, it may be necessary to troubleshoot the issue. Common problems include the lever getting stuck, failure to feed, failure to eject, and light strikes. If the lever action is hard to cycle, recheck the reassembly steps. Make sure the lever is aligned properly and all parts are in their correct positions.
If the rifle fails to feed, check the magazine tube and ensure it is properly aligned and free of obstructions.
A failure to eject may be caused by several problems, including a dirty extractor or a weak ejector spring. Clean and lubricate the extractor, and if necessary, replace the spring.
A light strike may indicate a problem with the firing pin or hammer. Check the firing pin and hammer for dirt or damage. If necessary, clean or replace these components.
Conclusion
Importance of Regular Maintenance
Regular maintenance is critical to the longevity and performance of any lever action rifle. Cleaning and lubrication after each use, and more thorough cleaning on a regular basis, will help keep the rifle in optimal condition. The frequency of maintenance depends on how often the rifle is used and the conditions in which it is used.
Final Thoughts
Understanding how to properly break down and maintain your lever action rifle is crucial for ensuring its reliable operation, and preserving its value. It is important to have a good understanding of your particular rifle’s model and the procedures that are appropriate for your rifle. Take the time to understand the specific components of your lever action rifle and practice the disassembly and reassembly steps. Taking the time to do the work carefully is an investment in your safety.
While this guide provides a comprehensive overview, remember that firearm maintenance and disassembly can sometimes be complex. Always consult the manufacturer’s manual for your specific lever action rifle model, as there may be slight variations in the procedures. Should you encounter any issues that you are unable to resolve yourself, or if you are uncomfortable with any aspect of the disassembly or reassembly process, it is always best to seek the assistance of a qualified gunsmith.
Seeking professional assistance when necessary is wise.
Disclaimer
The information provided in this guide is for informational purposes only. It is essential to consult the owner’s manual for your specific lever action rifle model and seek assistance from a qualified gunsmith or armorer if necessary. Properly maintaining a lever action rifle can significantly extend its service life and enhance the shooting experience. Learn the details of your rifle, its unique elements, and take pride in properly maintaining this classic firearm.
