A Look Back: The Genesis of the .45-70
The air crackles with anticipation, a palpable tension only the truly powerful can command. Imagine a piece of firearm that whispers tales of the Old West, echoes with the thunder of a bygone era, and still holds a commanding presence in the modern age. This is the double barrel 45-70, a rifle that embodies raw power and classic elegance, a weapon that commands respect and speaks volumes about the legacy of American firearms. Its mere presence evokes images of intrepid hunters facing down the biggest game, of history etched in the steel and wood, and of a heritage of craftsmanship that endures.
The story of the double barrel 45-70 begins not with a rifle, but with a cartridge, one of the most iconic and enduring rounds in American history. The .45-70, or the .45-70 Government as it was officially known, was born from the need for a more effective cartridge for the U.S. Army in the wake of the Civil War. Prior to the .45-70, the military was using the .50-70, but military officials wanted a cartridge with a flatter trajectory and superior accuracy. The year was around the time of the Centennial Celebration of the United States, which became a great reference in choosing the proper name.
The numbers themselves tell a story. The “.45” denotes the bullet’s diameter, measuring approximately forty-five hundredths of an inch. The “70” signified the original black powder charge – seventy grains. This combination of a hefty bullet and a substantial powder charge created a round with significant power, capable of both devastating impact at close range and surprisingly accurate long-range shots.
This new cartridge was adopted in rifles that were designed to be effective in both infantry and cavalry scenarios. The resulting cartridge found its way into the legendary Springfield Model, a single-shot rifle that quickly became a staple of the American frontier and a key factor in the Indian Wars. The .45-70’s effectiveness against bison, elk, and bear, along with its stopping power against human opponents, solidified its reputation.
Over time, the .45-70 cartridge evolved. Smokeless powders eventually replaced black powder, boosting performance and making the round more versatile. Reloading enthusiasts also started to experiment with various bullet weights and powder loads. Even with modern loads, the .45-70 retained its reputation.
The Double Barrel Rifle: A Timeless Design
Before delving into the specific allure of a double barrel .45-70, let’s take a moment to appreciate the fundamental design of a double barrel rifle. This is a design that has a rich history, stemming from the need for quick follow-up shots.
The core concept is straightforward. A double barrel rifle has two barrels, side-by-side or over-and-under, each containing its own firing mechanism. This allows the shooter to have two shots readily available, without the need to manually cycle a bolt or pump. The beauty of this design lies in its inherent simplicity and reliability. With a minimum of moving parts, a well-made double barrel can be incredibly robust and resistant to malfunctions.
The operating principle is also pretty simple. Each barrel has its own chamber and firing pin. The shooter selects which barrel to fire first (often through a selector switch or by simply pulling a different trigger). Upon pulling the trigger, the firing pin strikes the primer of the cartridge, igniting the propellant and sending the bullet downrange.
A significant advantage of this design is its speed in the field. Hunters could quickly fire a second shot without having to manually reload. It was a lifesaver when confronting dangerous game, or when a second shot was required immediately. Moreover, the simplicity translated to reliability in the field.
However, the design isn’t without its tradeoffs. A double barrel rifle is often heavier than its single-barrel counterparts, owing to the presence of two barrels and the accompanying action. The capacity is limited to only two shots (unless it’s a combination gun), and the recoil can be significant, especially with powerful cartridges. The manufacturing also requires expertise in properly aligning the two barrels so they fire the bullets accurately.
The Double Barrel .45-70: Power Meeting Elegance
Now, let’s bring those two concepts together. The double barrel .45-70 combines the potent characteristics of the .45-70 cartridge with the reliability and quick follow-up shot capabilities of the double barrel rifle. The result is a weapon that’s as capable as it is striking in its visual appeal.
Why is the .45-70 such a good match for the double barrel configuration? The answer lies in the cartridge’s characteristics. The .45-70 offers a high level of stopping power at close to medium ranges, making it ideal for hunting large, dangerous game. The recoil is, however, substantial, and the second barrel provides a crucial safety net, or a quick follow-up in the event of a charging animal.
Furthermore, the .45-70 typically functions within the range that double barrels are most effective. The shots are often close enough that the slight difference in trajectory of the two barrels isn’t a major concern, thus the practicality of the double barrel design is optimized.
The visual characteristics of a double barrel .45-70 are hard to ignore. Imagine finely crafted walnut stocks, meticulously checkered fore-ends, and perhaps intricate engraving on the receiver. Many double barrel rifles are constructed with high-quality materials, and attention to detail and craftsmanship are paramount. This kind of rifle is not merely a tool; it is an investment, an heirloom, and a work of art.
Several manufacturers have produced double barrel .45-70 rifles over the years. Names like Ruger, Chapuis, and Krieghoff (renowned for their quality and craftsmanship) are some of the companies that come to mind. Even small, custom gunmakers sometimes produce them, often built to the customer’s exact specifications.
Putting the Beast to Work: Practical Applications
The double barrel .45-70 finds its most prominent role in hunting. Its combination of power and speed is a significant asset when dealing with dangerous game. Imagine facing a wounded grizzly bear or a charging Cape buffalo. The availability of a second shot, instantly, can be the difference between safety and a fatal confrontation.
The .45-70’s trajectory is not the flattest, so it’s best for shorter to medium-range hunting scenarios. Even in a double barrel configuration, the rifle’s strengths are at their best when a quick shot is critical.
The rifle can also be utilized for recreational shooting, though the cost of ammunition and recoil are limiting factors. Those seeking a unique range experience, or those interested in cowboy action shooting (although the single-shot rifles are more common), may find enjoyment in it.
Recoil management is a key factor. The .45-70 is a powerful round, and the shooter must be prepared for significant kick. Proper gun fit, including appropriate length of pull and recoil pad, will significantly help with recoil. Techniques like firmly gripping the rifle and allowing your body to absorb the recoil are crucial.
Ammunition for the Double Barrel .45-70
Ammunition selection is an important consideration. When used for hunting, most hunters would go with a bullet design that delivers the best terminal performance. For example, a hard cast lead bullet offers deep penetration, while a jacketed soft-point or hollow-point offers rapid expansion and stopping power. The modern .45-70 ammunition offers a great number of options to suit various purposes.
The specific load will depend on the targeted animal. For larger game, a heavier bullet weight (400 grains or more) is usually preferred, while for smaller game, a lighter bullet weight might be more suitable. Always make sure your ammo is compatible with your rifle.
The Double Barrel .45-70 Today: Availability and Beyond
Though the .45-70 round has passed the test of time and remains a popular one, the double barrel .45-70 is a niche item. It is not as widely available as other types of firearms. However, they can be located through specialized gun shops, auction sites, and custom gunmakers. Expect to pay a premium price, as these rifles are often handcrafted and built with quality materials.
For collectors, the double barrel .45-70 holds a special appeal. Well-made rifles, especially those with historical significance, intricate engraving, or unique features can command high prices. These guns represent not just a tool but a piece of art, a conversation piece, and a tangible link to the past.
Modern trends include a move toward customization. Many owners choose to upgrade their stocks, add scopes, or commission custom engraving. These modifications help personalize the rifle and make it even more valuable.
Conclusion
The double barrel .45-70 is more than just a firearm. It is a symbol of power, a testament to craftsmanship, and a reminder of the rich history of American firearms. From its origins in the U.S. military to its role as a trusted hunting tool and a coveted collector’s item, it has captivated shooters for generations. Its blend of raw power and classic elegance continues to draw enthusiasts today.
The double barrel .45-70 stands as a testament to the enduring appeal of a simpler time, when a rifle was a reliable tool, and craftsmanship was considered as important as functionality. Whether used for hunting dangerous game, as a prized collection piece, or simply as a source of pride for its owner, the double barrel .45-70 will leave a lasting impression on anyone who encounters it. This rifle truly embodies the essence of power and the timeless beauty of a design perfectly matched to a legendary cartridge. Its story is not over; it is a story that continues to be written by those who appreciate its unique qualities.
