What are Black Powder Revolver Conversion Cylinders?
Introduction
The crack of the cap, the plume of smoke, the undeniable weight of history in your hand – black powder revolvers represent a pivotal era in firearms development. Their romantic appeal, from the rugged plains of the American West to the hands of daring adventurers, continues to captivate shooters and collectors alike. But while the authenticity of these firearms is undeniably alluring, the process of using them, with its black powder, percussion caps, and round balls, can sometimes be a barrier to frequent enjoyment. This is where the ingenious innovation of black powder revolver conversion cylinders comes into play, offering a seamless blend of historical charm and modern convenience.
What are these fascinating additions? A conversion cylinder is, in essence, a replacement cylinder designed for a black powder revolver that allows the use of self-contained metallic cartridges. Instead of loading powder, ball, and caps individually, these cylinders accept pre-loaded ammunition. This seemingly simple modification transforms a traditional firearm into something both familiar and refreshingly updated, widening its appeal to a broader audience and opening up new possibilities for those already captivated by these historic firearms. Conversion cylinders present a unique proposition: experience the spirit of the past without sacrificing the ease and reliability of contemporary shooting.
Historical Context
Stepping back in time, the earliest black powder revolvers were powered by the cumbersome process of loading. The shooter would carefully measure powder into the chambers of the cylinder, seat a projectile, and then place a percussion cap on a nipple at the rear of the cylinder. The cap, when struck by the hammer, would ignite the powder, propelling the projectile down the barrel. While undoubtedly effective, the procedure was time-consuming and could be affected by weather conditions or less-than-precise measurements. As technology evolved, a desire for more rapid reloading and more consistent ignition spurred innovation.
Black powder revolver conversion cylinders address those limitations directly. They replace the original cylinder, usually via a simple swap, and incorporate chambers designed to hold modern ammunition. This transition offers significant improvements in terms of speed, reliability, and overall shooting experience. For the shooter, it simplifies the process and allows for faster follow-up shots. For the collector, it provides a means to safely enjoy the historical aesthetics of a classic firearm with the modern capabilities of cartridge-based ammunition.
Types of Conversion Cylinders
Cap and Ball Cylinder
The original, unmodified cylinders are the cap and ball cylinders, the very heart of the black powder revolver. They represent the original design and function of these historic firearms. Loading requires the familiar, yet time-consuming process previously outlined.
Cartridge Conversion Cylinders
However, the most common type, and the focus of this article, are the cartridge conversion cylinders. These are designed to accept self-contained cartridges, and come in two primary categories: rimfire and centerfire.
Rimfire Conversions
Rimfire conversions are often chambered in smaller cartridges like .22 Long Rifle and, occasionally, .32 rimfire. These conversions are a great way to introduce oneself to the functionality of a conversion cylinder, providing an affordable and accessible shooting experience. The relatively low recoil of rimfire cartridges makes them very suitable for beginners or those who prefer a milder shooting experience. The availability of .22 LR ammunition further adds to the appeal.
Centerfire Conversions
Centerfire conversion cylinders are perhaps the most desirable, offering the use of more potent cartridges. These are typically chambered in more powerful calibers such as .38 Special, .45 Colt (also sometimes referred to as the .45 Long Colt), and variations thereof. The .38 Special offers a versatile and widely available cartridge, while the .45 Colt offers a powerful and historically appropriate option for many revolvers. The cartridges used are more readily available than some of the black powder components, and the conversion cylinders, combined with modern ammunition, offer greater range, consistency, and knockdown power. The ability to utilize cartridges with proven ballistic performance adds a layer of modern performance to a historical design.
Materials and Construction
The materials used in constructing black powder revolver conversion cylinders are crucial to their performance and longevity. They are generally made from high-quality steel alloys, which provides the necessary strength to withstand the pressures generated by modern cartridge ammunition. The cylinders are carefully machined to precise specifications to ensure proper fit, alignment, and function. The manufacturing process is critical, as any flaws or inconsistencies can lead to malfunction or even safety hazards. These cylinders are designed to be a durable and reliable upgrade for these historically significant firearms.
Advantages of Using Conversion Cylinders
Convenience
Perhaps the most immediately apparent benefit is convenience. Loading and unloading becomes a significantly faster process. No longer is it necessary to carefully measure powder, seat projectiles, and place caps. Instead, the shooter can simply load pre-primed cartridges directly into the cylinder. This drastically reduces loading time and makes for a more streamlined shooting experience.
Ammunition Availability
The readily available ammunition is another strong point. Black powder and its components can be sometimes difficult to find, and sourcing these materials can be more time-consuming than finding modern cartridges. Conversion cylinders, however, open the door to using common, readily available ammunition, which can be sourced at most sporting goods stores. This easy access to ammunition makes for more frequent and less complicated shooting sessions.
Cost Savings
While the initial cost of a black powder revolver conversion cylinder can be significant, there is the potential for cost savings over the long term. The cost of black powder, percussion caps, and lead balls or bullets can add up, especially for frequent shooters. Modern ammunition, particularly for smaller calibers, can be more economical, potentially offsetting the initial investment in the cylinder.
Increased Reliability
Furthermore, the reliability of a cartridge-based system is inherently superior. Cartridges contain their own primer, eliminating the variability of percussion caps, which can be susceptible to moisture or inconsistencies. The self-contained cartridge offers a consistently reliable ignition with every shot, minimizing misfires and providing greater peace of mind.
Modern Shooting Experience
The modern shooting experience remains a major selling point. While the aesthetics and historical significance of black powder revolvers remain, the ability to use modern cartridges offers a shooting experience that many find to be more enjoyable. The combination of the classic firearm design with modern reliability results in a hybrid firearm that offers the best of both worlds.
Disadvantages and Considerations
Legality
Legality is always paramount. The regulations surrounding black powder firearms and their conversion vary depending on the jurisdiction. It’s vital to research and understand the local and federal laws regarding these conversions, as improper use or registration may lead to legal consequences. While the use of a conversion cylinder does not transform a black powder revolver into a fully modern firearm in most jurisdictions, the laws that apply to firearms may apply to the conversion cylinder.
Accuracy
Accuracy is another consideration. The performance of a conversion cylinder depends on a number of factors, including the quality of the cylinder, the fit to the revolver frame, the ammunition used, and the skill of the shooter. Achieving optimal accuracy may require experimentation with different types of ammunition. Moreover, the cylinder-to-barrel gap (the space between the cylinder and the barrel) can affect accuracy. Adjusting or minimizing this gap can often improve performance.
Cylinder Timing and Fit
Cylinder timing and fit are critical for safe and reliable operation. The cylinder must align correctly with the barrel for each shot. Any misalignment can lead to erratic shot placement or, in severe cases, dangerous malfunctions. A properly fitted conversion cylinder ensures that the cartridge aligns precisely with the barrel, preventing any loss of energy and ensuring consistent accuracy. Improper installation may cause the cylinder to bind or prevent it from rotating. Proper fit is essential, and it may be advisable to have the cylinder installed by a qualified gunsmith.
Safety Precautions
Safety is paramount. It is essential to use the correct ammunition for the cylinder. Never use over-pressure or unsuitable ammunition, as this can cause catastrophic failure. Inspect the cylinder carefully for any signs of damage before each use. Make sure all safety features of the revolver are functioning correctly. Also, remember to always keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction and treat every firearm as if it were loaded.
Frame Stress
The frame of the revolver itself must be considered. Black powder revolver frames were not necessarily designed to withstand the higher pressures generated by modern cartridge ammunition. While many conversion cylinders are designed for use in specific revolver models, it is important to ensure that the frame is strong enough to handle the stresses. Using the cylinder in a frame that is not compatible, or in a frame that is old or weakened, can lead to damage or injury.
Popular Conversion Cylinders and Manufacturers
Several manufacturers produce high-quality black powder revolver conversion cylinders. Names like Kirst, known for their robust designs and ease of installation, and Taylor’s & Co., offering a variety of options for different revolver models, are highly regarded. Choosing a cylinder from a reputable manufacturer is an excellent way to ensure quality and reliability. The manufacturers usually provide guidance on compatibility with various revolver models. Researching the reputation and the feedback of the manufacturer is important.
Installation and Use
General Installation Instructions
Generally, installation involves removing the original black powder cylinder and replacing it with the conversion cylinder. This usually involves simply removing a cylinder retention pin, sliding out the original cylinder, and inserting the conversion cylinder in its place. While the process can be fairly straightforward for some models, other revolvers may need a little more expertise. While many owners can install them independently, it is advisable to consult a qualified gunsmith if you are unsure.
Loading and Firing Instructions
Loading and firing is where the modern convenience shines. Simply open the loading gate (if equipped), insert the cartridge into the appropriate chamber, and close the loading gate. Cock the hammer, aim, and squeeze the trigger. The ease of this procedure is one of the major draws of these systems. Always follow all safety rules when loading and firing any firearm.
Maintenance and Cleaning
Proper maintenance and cleaning are crucial for the longevity of the cylinder. After each shooting session, thoroughly clean the conversion cylinder. This includes removing any residue from the chambers and around the firing pin. Following the manufacturer’s guidelines for cleaning will help to ensure the cylinder’s proper function. Proper care will preserve the life of the conversion cylinder and maximize its performance over time.
Conclusion
In conclusion, black powder revolver conversion cylinders offer a fascinating way to bridge the gap between the historical allure of black powder revolvers and the convenience of modern shooting. They offer a blend of tradition and technology, making these classic firearms more accessible, reliable, and enjoyable for a wider audience. They provide the satisfaction of historical firearms while removing some of the more challenging aspects of using black powder. These conversion cylinders are a testament to the enduring appeal of classic firearms. The ability to modernize a classic and keep these firearms in active use is a valuable proposition for enthusiasts. Whether you are a seasoned collector or a newcomer to the world of black powder revolvers, conversion cylinders provide a unique opportunity to experience a piece of history with modern convenience. Explore these options responsibly, learn about their capabilities, and enjoy the enduring legacy of these iconic firearms.
